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Motivation & People, Values, Incentives - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Reward practices in public vs private don't differ (Simon)
  - - - Theory XY - McGregor (1960) Decentralize Decision-making
      - Herzberg 2-factor (1968) hygiene factors and motivators
      - Maslow's Hierarchy Needs (1954) Self-Actualization
      - McClelland Need for achievement, power, affiliation (1961) competency modeling
      - Need for Equity - Adams (1965) people attempt to reduce inequity Distributive & Procedural Justice
    - - Expectancy Theory: Probability of most good and least bad
        
        PMRS
        
        EI (Performance) & EII (Reward)
      - Operant Conditioning & Behavior Modification Skinner (1953)
        
        Reinforcement Types
        
        Positive
        
        Negative
        
        Operant Extinction
        
        Punishment
        
        Reinforcement Schedules
        
        Fixed
        
        Variable
        
        Ratio
        
        Interval
      - Social Learning Theory Bandura (1978)
        
        Set own goals in anticipation of future reward
      - Goal-setting theory Locke & Lathan (1990)
        
        self-efficacy
- - - - Growth
      - Relatedness
      - Existence
    - - Terminal Values
      - Instrumental Values
    - - hierarchy of prepotency; self-actualization as highest level
        
        Other studies found dependence on level
        
        high level: achievement / challenge
        
        low level: pay
    - - External incentive
    - - job factors
    - - Specific Incentives
      - General Incentives
    - - Extrinsic rewards
      - Intrinsic rewards
    - - Elite incentives
      - Employee Incentives
    - - Material Incentives
      - Solidary Incentives
      - Purposive Incentives
  - - - Calculative
      - Normative
      - Balfour 1996 - identification, affiliation, exchange
    - - ambiguity
      - conflict
      - goal clarity
    - - general and facet measures
      - Consequences: absenteeism & turn over
  - - - norm-based motives
      - affective motives
      - instrumental motives
      - patriotism of benevolence Fredrickson & Hart (1985)
      - Perry (1996)
        
        Attraction to Public Affairs
        
        Commitment to public interest
        
        Compassion
        
        Self-sacrifice
      - Brewer (2000)
        
        Humanitarians
        
        Patriots
        
        Communitarians
        
        Samaritans
      - motivation crowding hypothesis
        
        self-determination