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Concept Map 09: Respiratory System Elena Camacho Period 7 - Coggle…
Concept Map 09: Respiratory System
Elena Camacho Period 7
Major Functions of the Respiratory System
Filters out incoming air with tubes that warm, moisturize, and transport it into the gas exchange areas and microscopic air sacs that exchange gases.
Removes particles from incoming air.
Regulates temperature and water content from the air.
Obtains oxygen from the atmosphere, and removes carbon dioxide from the body cells.
Provides vocal sounds.
Regulates blood pH.
Helps in sense of smell.
Upper Respiratory Structures & Functions
Nasal Cavity
Has a nasal conchae that divide the nasal cavity into passageways; conchae supports the mucus membrane & increase the surface area to warm, moisturize, and filter incoming air. The particles get trapped in the mucus and is carried to the pharynx by cilia, swallowed, and carried to the stomach where gastric juice destroys the microorganisms inside.
Sinuses
The sinuses opens into the nasal cavity; lined with mucus membrane that is continuous into the nasal cavity. It reduces the weight of the skull & serve as resonant chambers for the voice.
Nose
Nostrils provide openings for air to enter; supported by bone & cartilage and contain coarse hairs that prevent any entry of particles.
Pharynx (throat)
Space behind the oral and nasal cavities and larynx; the common passage way for air & food from nasal and oral cavities. Aids in producing sounds for speech. There are 3 subdivisions: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Lower Respiratory Structures & Functions
Trachea
A cylindrical tube that extends downward anterior to the esophagus and into the thoracic cavity. It also splits into the right and left primary bronchi; Inner wall is lined with a ciliated mucous membrane with many goblet cells which, those goblet cells produce mucus that traps incoming particles. The wall is supported by a 20 complete (c-shaped) cartilaginous rings to keep the airway open.
Bronchial Tree
Larynx
An enlargement in the airway, superior to the trachea and inferior to the laryngopharynx; Transports air in and out of the trachea, keeps particles out from entering the trachea, and houses the
vocal cords.
Lungs
Layers of Pleurae
A double layered serous membrane
Parietal pluera
: outer layer; lines the thoracic cavity.
Serous fluid
: lubricates the pleura cavity between the 2 layers.
Visceral pluera
: Inner layer; attached to the surface of each lung.
Compare & Contrast the mechanism of Inspiration and Expiration
Inspiration (Inhalation)
Air moves from higher to lower pressure.
Expiration (Exhalation)
Internal V.S. External Respiration
Internal Respiration
Is the gas exchange between the blood and body cells.
External Respiration
Is the gas exchange between the lungs and body cells.
Volume & Pressure relationships in Thoracic Cavity
Respiratory volumes & Capacities
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Pneumonia
-Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs.
Causes of Pneumonia
: Bacterial infection, viral infection, and aspiration.
Symptoms
: fever, shortness of breath, chills.
Treatment Options
: Over the counter medication, antibiotics, and oxygen therapy.
Lung Cancer
-Uncontrolled cell growth, development of tumors in the lungs.
Symptoms
: Chest pain, blood in sputum, and fatigue.
Treatment Options
: Radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical removal.
Causes of Lung Cancer
: Smoking (90% of cases), second hand smoke, and radon gas.
Tuberculosis
-Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by mycobactenium tuberculosis.
Causes of Tuberculosis
: Contagious by inhalation, weakened immune system, drug and alcohol abuse.
Symptoms
: Weight loss & night sweats, fever & fatigue, and chest pain.
Treatment Options
: Long-term antibiotics, surgery, and medication.
Seasonal Flu
-A viral infection: many variations of the virus, changes rapidly year to year which changes the severity of symptoms.
Symptoms
: Dry cough, fatigue, and congestion.
Treatment Options
: Early vaccination, antiviral medication, and rest & hydration.
Causes of Seasonal Flu
: Age, occupation, and pregnancy.
COPD
-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder; includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma.
Causes of COPD
: Asthmatic bronchitis, tobacco smoke, dust exposure.
Treatment Options
: Smoking cessation, medications, bronchodilators.
Symptoms
: Chronic cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing