Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Respiratory System Concept Map: Andrew Sanchez-Vasquez Period:5 - Coggle…
Respiratory System Concept Map: Andrew Sanchez-Vasquez Period:5
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nasal Cavity( Hollow Space posterior to the nose, divided medially, filters and warms the air, also contains special cells that are involved in the sense of smell)
Sinuses( Lightens the skull and improves voices, also its produces mucus that moisturizes the inside of the nose, Air-filled spaces in the maxillary and frontal bones)
Nose( Provides openings for entrance & exit of air, supported by bone and cartilage, contains coarse hairs which prevents entry of particles)
Pharynx( Carries food, air and fluid down from the nose and the mouth, also its serves as a passageway for air to enter the lungs,Throat )
Disorders of the respiratory system
Pneumonia(Inflammation and fluid in the lungs, caused by fungi,viruses, symptoms are cough,muscle ache and fever, treatments are antibiotics)
Lung Cancer(Mass of uncontrolled cell growth in the lungs, caused by smoking and particle pollution, symptoms are headache and wheezing, treatments are surgery and radiation therapy)
Tuberculosis(Bacterial infection, caused by bacteria released into the air, symptoms are cough with blood and chills,treatments are antibiotics)
COPD( Progressive disease, caused by smoking and Alpha-I definciency, symptoms are cough,fatigue and wheezing, treatment are steroids and antibiotics)
Seasonal Flu( Characterized by a sudden onset of fever and cough, caused by viruses, symptoms are fevers and chills, treatments are antibiotics)
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Volumes
Inspiratory Reserve Volume(Amount of air forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation, 2000-3000mL)
Expiratory Reserve Volume(Amount of air forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhaltion, 700-1200mL)
Tidal Volume(Air that moves in and out of lungs with each quiet inspiration, typically 500ml)
Residual Volume(Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation; IRV-ERV)
Capacities
Functional Residual Capacity(The amount of air that resides in the lungs after normal resting tidal exhalation(ERV+RV); 1500-2400mL)
Vital Capacity(Max amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled in one breath(TV+IRV+ERV); 3100-4800mL)
Inspiratory Capacity( Maximum volume a person can inhale following exhalation of tidal volume (IRV+TV); 2400-3600mL)
Total Lung Capacity(Maximum quantity of air the lungs can hold(TLC=VC+RV); 4200-6000mL)
Compare and Contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Inspiration( Diaphragm contracts and moves downward, enlarging the thoracic cavity, sternum upward and downward, Maximal Inspiration: deep breath, requires contraction of muscles, lungs will expand due to surface tension)
Expiration
Normal( Results from passive process of elastic recoil, diaphragm relaxes, air rushes out of the lungs into the atmosphere)
Forced(Allows for expiration of more air than normal, aided by internal muscles and abdominal wall muscles, they compress the rib cage and abdominal wall)
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Trachea( Cylindrical tube which the windpipe, splits into two, right and left primary bronchi, layered with ciliated mucous membranes with many goblet cells)
Bronchiel Tree( Distributes air to the lungs, consists of branched, mucous membrane-lined airways, Primary,Secondary and tertiary bronchi)
Larynx( Transport air in and out of the trachea, helps keep particles from entering the trachea, contains the thyroid cartilage( Adam's Apple))
Lungs(Allow us to breathe,brings oxygen into the bodies, Soft,spongy, cone-shaped organs)
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Pressures
Atmospheric Pressure(760mmHg)
Intrapulmonary Pressure(Pressure with the alveoli, 760mmHg at rest)
Intrapleural Pressure( Pressures within the plural cavity, prevents lungs from collapsing)
Volume
Boyle Law's( Increase in volume=pressure is decreased)
Changes of Volumes( Contraction and relaxation of muscles, the thoracic cavity and lungs move together)
Layers of the pleurae
Serous Fluid( Lubricates the pleural cavity between the 2 layers)
Visceral Pleura(Inner Layer; attached to the surface of each lung)
Parietal Pleura(Outer Layer,lines the thoracic cavity
Internal Vs. External respiration
Internal(Gas exchange between the blood and tissues)
External( Moves gases from outside of the body into the lungs, and then the blood)
Major Functions of the respiratory system
Deliver oxygen to the cells and organs throughout the body
Remove waste gases, including carbon dioxide when the body exhales
Warm the air to match the body's temperature and moisture the body to the correct humidity level
Protects airways from irritants and harmful substances
Allows to talk and smell