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Heidi Ochoa Period 1: Respiratory system - Coggle Diagram
Heidi Ochoa Period 1: Respiratory system
Major functions of the respiratory system
The major functions are to supply the body with O2 for cellular respiration and dispose of CO2 from the body
Other functions relate to oflaction and speech
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nose Para-sinus and Pharynx
Nose: external, produces mucus, filters, and moistens air
Pharynx: passage for air and food
Parasinus: lightens skull, as well as moistens air
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Larynx : air passageway, prevents food from entering respiratory tract
Trachea: cleans warms and moistens air
Bronchial tree: connecting trachea with alveoli
Alveoli: main site of gas exchange
Lungs: house respiratory passages smaller than main bronchi
Pleurae: produce lubricating fluid and compartmentalize lungs
Layers of the pleurae
Pleurae: thin double layered divides thoracic cavity into 2 compartments and mediastinum
Partietal Pleura: membrane on thoracic wall, superior face of diaphragm between lungs
Visceral pleura: membrane on external lung surface
Plerual fluid: fills slit-like pleural cavity between two pleurae
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Inspirationdiaphragm contracts, intercostals contract rib cage is lifted. Thoracic volume is increased
Expiration: passive process. Inspiratory muscles relax, thoracic volume decreases and lungs recoil. Volume is increased and intrapulmonary pressure increases
Forced expiration active process
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Boyles law: P1V1=P2P2 relationship between pressure and volume of a gas. Pressure varies inversely with volume
Pressure relationships: Atmospheric pressure (Patm) air surrounding body. Itrapulmonary pressure (Ppul) pressure in alveoli Transpolmunary Pressure (Ppul-Pip) Intrapulmonary Pressure (Pip) fluctuates with breathing
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Volumes:
Tidal volume
(TV): air moved in and out 500ml Inspiration
Reserve volume
(IRV): air can be inspired forcibly beyond the tidal volume (2100-3200ml)
Expiratory Volume
(ERV): air that can be forcibly expelled (1000-1200 ml)
Reidual Volume
(RV) air always remains in the lungs to prevent alveoli collapse
Capacities
:
Inspiratory capacity
(IC): sum of TV+IRV Functional
residual Capacity
(FRC): sum of RV+ERV
Vital capacity
(VC): sum of TV+IRV+ERV
Total lung capacity
(TLC) Sum of all lung volumes (TV+IRV+ERV+RV)
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal respiration: includes the exchange of gases
External: releases CO2 and inhales O2
Disorders of the respiratory system
Tonsillitis: Infected/ inflamed tonsils that can block airway
Pleurisy: inflammation of pleurae that results from pneumonia
Laryngitis: inflammation of vocal folds