Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Respiratory System Delia Ocampo P.2 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System Delia Ocampo P.2
Major Functions of the Respiratory System
Obtains oxygen from the atmosphere
Removes carbon dioxide from the body cells
Removes particles from incoming air
Regulates temperature and water content of the air
Provides vocal sounds, regulates blood pH,and helps sense of smell
Layers of the pleurae
Pleurae:double layer of serous membrane
Visceral pleura:inner layer and is attached to the surface of each lung
Parietal pleura:outer layer and lines the thoracic cavity
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nose:Nostrils provide entrance to the nasal cavity and the internal hairs begin to to filter incoming air
Nasal cavity:Conducts air to pharynx and the mucous lining filters warms and moistens incoming air
Paranasal Sinuses:Reduces weight of the skull and serves as resonant chambers
Pharynx:Is a passageway for air moving from the nasal cavity to larynx and for food moving from oral cavity to the esophagus
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Larynx:It is the passageway for air and prevents foreign objects from entering the trachea but also houses the vocal cords
Trachea:Passageway for air and the mucous lining continues to filter particles from incoming air
Bronchial tree:Conducts air from the trachea to alveoli and the mucous lining continues to filter incoming air
Lungs:contains air passages,alveoli,blood vessels,connective tissues,lymphatic vessels and nerves
Inspiration and Expiration
The similarity between the two is that inspiration and expiration are both the main parts of the respiration process
Inspiration is breathing in and expiration is breathing out
Inspiration:Diaphragm contracts and moves downward enlarging the thoracic cavity
Expiration:The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax and the lungs recoil which decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity
Volume and pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Volume in thoracic cavity the volume of the lungs increase and the pressure within the lungs will decrease
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Tidal volume:volume of air that enters or leaves the lungs during one respiratory cycle, average is -500mL
Inspiratory reserve volume:maximal volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to the tidal volume during forced inspiration average is -3,000 mL
Expiratory reserve volume:volume of air that can be exhaled during maximal forced expiration beyond the tidal volume average is -1,200 mL
Residual volume:volume of air that remains in the lung after maximal expiration and the average is about 1,200 mL
Inspiratory volume:volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal,resting expiration, IRV + TV ( 3,500 mL)
Functional residual capacity:volume of air that remains in lungs after after a resting expiration, ERV + RV (2,300 mL)
Vital capacity: maximum volume of air that can exhaled after a maximal inspiration, TV+IRV+ERV (4,600 ml)
Total lung capacity:is the total volume of air in the lungs can hold, VC+RV (5,800 mL)
Internal Vs. External Respiration
External respiration occurs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the alveolar air and internal respiration occurs in the metabolizing tissues where oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells
Disorders of respiratory system
Pneumonia:a bacterial or viral infection of the lungs which you can present a cough with mucous or a fever and it can be treated with antibiotics
Lung cancer:uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in lungs which can be caused by smoking maybe and you can experience chest pains and surgical removal can be a treatment option
Seasonal flu: A viral infection which can be caused by a weak immune system and you can experience a dry cough and fever and over the counter medication can help