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Luther Leads the Reformation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Tetzel was raising money to rebuild St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome
      - He did this buy selling Indulgence
      - A indulgence was a pardon
        
        It made it so a sinner wouldn't have to perform a penalty that a priest imposed for their sins
        
        Tetzel gave people the impression that by buying indulgences, they could buy their way into heaven
      - Luther wrote 95 theses, or formal statements, attacking the "pardon-merchants"
        
        October 31, 1517, he posted those statements on the door of the castle church in Witenberg
        
        Someone copied Luther's words and took them to a printing press and soon his ideas were all over Germany
        
        His actions began the Reformation, a movement for religious reform
        
        Led to founding of Christian churches that did not accept the pope's authority
        
        Innovation: This part below this could be innovation because in order for them to spread what Luther wrote they needed to use the fairly new printing press, which was a huge innovation for that time period in history. Because they were able to use it, they were able to spread Luther's writings across Germany
        
        What caused Luther's ideas to spread through Germany?
        
        Someone took his ideas and copied them and used a printing press to make copies of them. Then they were advertised to people all around Germany.
      - More about Johann Tetzel
    - - He was unhappy because Tetzel was giving the impression to people that if they buy indulgences from him they will guarantee their way into heaven which is not true
  - - - His teachings were rested on 3 main ideas
      - People could receive salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness. The Church taught that faith and "good works" were needed for salvation
      - All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. Both the pope and Church traditions were false authorites
      - All people with fail are equal. Therefore, people did not need priests to interpret the Bible for them
- - - - Critics of the church claimed that its leaders where corrupt. The popes who ruled during the Renaissance patronized the arts. Pope AlexanderVI admitted that he had fathered several children. Many popes were too busy pursuing worldly affairs to have time for spiritual duties.
      - What were some criticisms of the Catholic Church before the Reformation?
      - The lower clergy had problems as well. Many priests and monks were so poorly educated that they could scarcely read, let alone teach people.
      - Others broke there priestly vows by marrying, and some drank to excess or gambled.
- - - - Why did Henry 8th need a divorce or annulment? His wife was not going to have any more children and he doesn't have a heir to take over for when he dies so he wants to have a son with someone else
    - - Henry’s break with the pope was completed when Parliament voted to approve the Act of Supremacy. This called on people to take an oath recognizing the divorce and accepting Henry, not the pope, as the official head of England’s Church.
        
        In 1533, Henry secretly married Anne Boleyn who was in her twenties. Shortly after, Parliament legalized Henry’s divorce from Catherine. In 1534.
        
        The Act of Supremacy met some opposition. Thomas More, even though he had strongly criticized the Church, remained a devout Catholic. His faith, he said, would not allow him to accept the terms of the act and he refused to take the oath. In response, Henry had him arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London. In 1535, More was found guilty of high treason and executed.
        
        8 more items...
        
        After Henry’s death in 1547, each of his three children ruled England in turn. This created religious turmoil. Too young to rule alone, Edward VI was guided by adult advisers. These men were devout Protestants, and they introduced Protestant reforms to the English Church..
        
        Almost at once, Henry took a third wife, Jane
        Seymour. In 1537, she gave him a son named Edward. Henry's happiness was tempered by his wife’s death just two weeks later. Henry married three more times. None of these marriages, however, produced children.
        
        Almost constantly in
        ill health, Edward reigned for just six years. Mary, the daughter of Catherine of Aragon, took the throne in 1553.She was a Catholic who returned the English Church to the rule of the pope. Her efforts met with consider-able resistance, and she had many Protestants executed. When Mary died in 1558, Elizabeth, Anne Boleyn’s daughter, inherited the throne.
        
        Henry did not immediately get the male heir he sought. After Anne Boleyn gave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth, she fell out of Henry’s favor. Eventually, she was charged with treason. Like Thomas More, she was imprisoned in the Tower of London. She was found guilty and beheaded in 1536.
      - himself. In 1529, he called Parliament into session and asked it to
        pass a set of laws that ended the pope’s power in England.
      - The Reformation Parliament
- - - - People were upset with the Church for economic and and political reasons
      - They saw Luther’s protests as a way to challenge church control
    - - Luther suggested to drive the Pope out of the church
        
        This led to the Pope threatening to excommunicate Martin Luther, and he did soon after
        
        Excommunication
  - - - Diet of Worms
    - - No one could give him food or shelter, and they burned his books
        
        Prince Frederick took in Luther in his castles, where he was able to translate the New Testament into German
  - - - Values and Beliefs - This section is Values and Beliefs because the people in Wittenberg agreed with Martin Luther's teaching, and formed their beliefs, values, and religion around that.
      - Lutheranism
  - - - Charles V went to war against the Protestants, and defeated them, but was unable to force them into the Catholic Church
        
        Why do you think Charles V could not force protestant princes back into the Catholic Church even after defeating them in war?
        
        He was unable to force them back into the church because you can’t force religion on someone, they could refuse the sacraments, and they could have continued to rebel.
  - - - Tolerance - This is tolerance because the Holy Roman Emperor had tolerance of all religions practiced in the empire, as long as it was what the prince of that area wanted. This allowed Lutherans to have the beliefs they had without being considered a heretic.
    - - Peace of Augsburg