BUSINESS ORGANISATIONS

SOLE TRADERS

PARTNERSHIPS

LIMITED COMPANIES

CO-OPERATIVES

FRANCHISE

it is owned and controlled by one person responsible of his/her own debts and profits and can take decisions quickly; so it's the simplest and most common type of B.O.

because the sole trader is responsible of everything, he/she has got unlimited liability, he can lose personal assets if the B. fails

a sole trader can also operate the business with the help of members of his/her family

examples

CRAFTSMEN

SKILLED WORKMEN like:
-carpenters
-plumbers
-decorators
-electricians

family businesses

-restaurants
-cafés
-hairdressers
-butchers
-greengroceries

it is a business agreement between 2 or 20 people, called partners, to own and run a business together, they contribute to the initial capital and share managing responsibilities such as profits and losses

UNLIMITED

LIMITED

all partners take an active role in the managment of the B. and are liable for the company's debts, they can also lose personal assets if the B. goes bankrupt

some partners only contribute capital and don't take part in the managment of the B. because they are liable only for the amount of money they invested in the beginning

at least one partner must have unlimited liability, so he/she is responsible for the company's debts

called LIMITED/SLEEPING PARTNERS

called GENERAL/UNLIMITED PARTNER

these are business organisations where all members have a vote no matter on how much capital they invest initially. they have limited liability they all run the company and share profits equally

it is formed by shareholders, they are investors who have shares in the company, (the part of profit they recieve is the dividend)

PUBLIC
'Plcs'

PRIVATE
'Ltds'

they are INCORPORATED (inc) companies in the USA

there is a minimum of 2 share/stockholders with no upper limit

the shares arent traded on the stock exchange market unless all shareholders agree

the share capital must not exceed 50.000 (fifty thousands) pounds

and cant be advertised publicly for sale

they are CORPORATED (co.) companies in the USA

there can be only 2 share/stockholders with no maximum number

the shares may be quoted on the stock exchange

the sare capital must be at least 50.000 pounds

and can be sold to the public

franchising was first introduced in the USA in the mid-1800s (eighteen hundreds) and now has become widespread form of business for sole traders as it is difficult to obtain enough capital to expand, and it is made of two subjects

FRANCHISOR

FRANCHISEE

is an already existing large and well-known company with an enstablished market

is a small business that gets the right from the franchisor to use its trade name and make or sell its products in a specific location

it has to pay an initial amount of money, it recieves the shop forniture in the company's style and marketing support from the franchisor

it has to invest relatively little capital in distribuition outlets and keeps a percentage of the franchisee's annual profits

it doesnt invest capital in advertising campaigns, as the business record and reputatrion of the franchisor supports the franchisee, also because of this the risk of failure is reduced