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Issues with Schizophrenia Diagnosis. - Coggle Diagram
Issues with Schizophrenia Diagnosis.
DSM.
Classified as psychosis with no concept of reality.
Positive symptoms.
Delusions.
False beliefs being illogical without any evidence.
grandeur:
they are important people, such as Jesus.
control:
believe someone is controlling them.
persecution:
others want to harm them.
Hallucinations.
Disturbances in perception with no basis of reality.
Negative symptoms.
Avolition:
inability to start and finish with goal-directed behaviour.
Speech poverty:
inability to speak properly
Reliability and validity of classification and Diagnosis.
reliability:
consistency.
validity:
the extent to which we are measuring what we intend to measure.
key study: Rosenhan (1973)
Aim: investigate situational factors affecting the diagnosis of Sz.
Confederates put in psychiatric hospitals. Told doctor they had hallucinations. Saw whether doctors would detect that they were sane.
Once placed on the ward, they stopped pretending they had symptoms and behaved normally. Only discharged once doctor was convinced they were sane.
Staff diagnosed 11 with Sz and 1 with bipolar. Never detected their sanity and said their behaviour showed no abnormalities, but interpreted this behaviour as a schizophrenic person.
All were diagnosed on leaving with schizophrenia "in remission".
Doctors cannot always tell difference between sanity and insanity. a diagnostic method not being able to do this isn't very valid or reliable.
Staff reversed some diagnoses due to the situation and are more likely to reverse them when their profession is at stake.
1 more item...
Culture.
Differences in diagnoses due to different cultural norms.
Comorbidity.
More than one disorder occurring at once.
when there are two disorders, it questions validity of both classifications.
findings of research could simply be due to the inability of distinguishing differences between the disorders.
The individual could simply be suffering from one condition that the doctor struggles to distinguish between because they share similar symptoms.
Symptom Overlap.
Both Sz and Bipolar both share similar symptoms like delusions and avolition.
Questions validity and reliability of diagnosis.
Depending on the criteria used, the diagnosis may be completely different.
To the extent that it may be possible Sz and Bipolar may be one condition.
Gender bias.
Bias shown towards pathologizing one gender.
Clinicians in the US equated mentally healthy behaviour towards male behaviour.
Known as androcentrism.