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Functionalist, strain and subcultural theories - Coggle Diagram
Functionalist, strain and subcultural theories
Durkheim's functionalist theory of crime
The positive functions of crime
Adaptation and change
Safety valve
Boundary maintenance
Warning light
Crime is inevitable and universal
Criticisms of Durkheim
Overview of functionalism
Social control
Socialisation
Merton's strain theory
Deviant adaptations to strain
Ritualism
Retreatism
Innovation
Rebellion
Conformity
Evaluation of Merton
The American Dream creates strain
Subcultural strain theories
Merton's explanation combines:
Structural factors
Cultural factors
AK Cohen - Status Frustration
Working class cultural deprivation
Status frustration
Focus on non-utilitarian crime
Illegitimate opportunity structures
Criticisms of Merton
Subcultures which invert mainstream values and provide and alternative status hierarchy
Evaluation of Cohen
Cloward and Ohlin -3 subcultures
Different neighbourhoods provide different opportunitites
Three types of subcultures
Conflict subcultures
Retreatist subcultures
Criminal subcultures
Un equal access to legitimate and illegitimate opportunity structures
Why they agree with Merton
Evaluation of Cloward and Ohlin