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Observation - Coggle Diagram
Observation
Types of observation
Overt observation
Covert observation
Non-participant observation
Structured observation
Participant observation
Unstructured observation
Participant observation
Evaluation - how useful is PO?
Why interpretivists use PO
Disadvantages
Problems with validity
Hawthorn effect
Going native
Interpretation problems
Ethical issues
Covert = lack of informed consent
Witnessing illegal/immoral acts
Difficult to ensure anonymity
Unreliable and unrepresentative
Unscientific
Unreliable
Unable to make generalisations
Practical problems
Staying in
Getting out
Getting in
Advantages
Validity
An open research process
PO offers insight
Authenticity
The data generated is richly detailed
Naturalistic approach
Other advantages
Research opportunity
Flexibility
Studying closed groups
Comparing overt and covert PO
Overt
Maintaining group membership
Asking questions
Access
Validity of data
Ethics
Covert
Maintaining group membership
Asking questions
Access
Validity of data
Ethics
Structured observation
Advantages and disadvantages
Comparing data :check:
Loss of validity :red_cross:
Reliability :check:
Only small scale :red_cross:
Why positivists use structured observation