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Energy - Coggle Diagram
Energy
waves
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higher wind speeds, or consistent winds can lead to higher waves
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Oil recovery
- primary --> well established method. Uses the natural pressure of water below the oil to force the oil up the production well to the surface.
- Secondary --> pumps water or natural gas down an injection well to maintain pressure and therefore the flow of the oil. Increases the recovery rate of the oil. Can be used as part of carbon capture and storage, where carbon dioxide is pumped underground.
- tertiary (or enhanced) --> techniques that reduce the viscosity of the oil. E.g. pumping steam or solvents down to reduce the surface tension and make the oil flow more easily. Tertiary recovery increases total recovery rate to about 60%.
Wind power
HAWTs: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine - the wind turbines that we see more often. More advanced and better established technology.
VAWTs: Vertical Axis Wind Turbine - driven by wind from any direction so can be used in areas with more turbulent air e.g. cities. E.g. a lexical bladed VAWT - these have blades that rotate more smoothly than VAWTs with straight blades which increases efficiency.
Wind Assisted Ships: The use of wind technology in commercial shipping by combining it with traditional power. e.g. The Maltese Falcon - a sailing rig designed for use on cargo ships
tidal power
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Tidal barrage: A barrier (dam is placed across an estuary or bay. The difference in water levels either side can be used to force water past a turbine and generate electricity.
tidal lagoon: The lagoon is an oval rock-walled impoudment that would enclose an area of shallow coastal sea. Tidal water is trapped and released in the through electricity-generating water turbines built within the walls. It would not impede shipping and may provide habitats
HEP
Low Head Turbines: Located where water drops a short distance. Waterwheels are an example of this - they are less efficient than turbines but do not suffer with blockages by leaves like turbine systems do.
Helical turbines: Another example of a low head turbine. Turned by water flowing down a screw to generate electricity. High efficiency and can utilise high turbidity water without being damaged.
- primary fuel = energy that is extracted or harnessed from the environment, e.g. light, heat or kinetic energy.
- secondary fuel = energy resources that are produced from primary energy resources. Secondary fuels help make the energy from primary fuels more useable, e.g. by turning movement or heat energy into electrical energy. The most widely used secondary fuel is electricity.
hydrogen is a secondary fuel. The chemical energy of stored hydrogen can be released in two ways:
- combustion to produce heat - this could be used for heating rooms, or it could be used to generate electricity by boiling water to drive stream turbines.
- fuel cells - these allow oxygen and hydrogen to combine producing water and releasing energy.
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Developments in energy storage technologies --> Peak shaving using pumped storage HEP. The process of storing surplus energy to satisfy later demand peaks