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Actus Reus-Omissions. Ireland 2022. General rule. Omissions do not…

- - - - Where a chain of continuing actions can attract criminal liability if one part of the chain can be seen to be an omission where that omission causes or contributes to a harm.
        
        Kaitamaki v R (1984) All ER 435.
        
        Fagan V Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis (1969) 1 Q.B. 439.
        
        Fagan and Kaitamaki illustrate how an Omission can be transformed into a positive act by the courts. One other case shows the reverse of this logic in Airedale NHS Trust v Bland (1993) AC 789. Here the court protected doctors from criminal liability from ACTS by linking the ACTS to a desirable Omission to treat Mr Bland any further.
  - - - R v Miller (1983) 2 AC 161.
    - - R v Gibbins and Proctor (1919) 13 Cr App R 134.
    - - R v Dytham (1979) QB 722.
        DPP v Bartley (1997) IEHC 94.
    - - R v Lowe (1973) QB 702.
        DPP v O'Brien (1997) Unreported.
        R v Hood (2004) 1 Cr App R (S) 73 R v Evans (Gemma) (2009) EWCA Crim 650.