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approaches a level psych - Coggle Diagram

- - - - UCS (meat) + NS (bell) --> CS (bell) = CR (salivation)
      - AO3
  - - - skinner box, reinforces positively + negatively, then electrocutes as punishment
      - AO3
  - - - no meditational processes
    - - assumes only though learning
    - - treatment of phobias + anxiety disorders
    - - ethics
      - anthropomorphism
    - - observable + laboratory studies
- - - - retention
      - motor reproduction
      - attention
      - motivation
  - - - method
        
        control group + 2 groups, one with adult being violent towards BOBO doll (punching, kicking), the other without (playing with other toys)
      - findings
        
        aggression
        
        those in the group with the aggressive adult imitated their behaviour almost exactly, kicking, straddling, hitting with a hammer
        
        reinforcement
        
        those that saw the adult being positively reinforced, praised, were much more likely to have the motivation to be aggressive
        
        those that saw the adult being negatively reinforced, punished, were much less likely to be aggressive
        
        same sex
        
        boys were more likely to imitate if the adult was male
        
        boys overall more aggressive
        
        girls were more likely to imitate if the adult was female
      - conclusion
      - aim
        
        to investigate how children imitate aggression
    - - ignores the role of biology
      - reliability + standardised procedures
      - practical apps
  - - - phobias
    - - Bandura's BOBO doll study
    - - murder of James Bulger
    - - observable practises
    - - in Bandura's study, boys were overall more aggressive regardless of the specifics of the investigation
    - - mediational processes, bridge to cognitive approach
    - - non observable unlike Behaviourist
- - - - Mintern and Bruner
    - - explanation
        
        MSM
  - - - cognitive neuroscience, bridge between cognitive + biological
    - - despite these criticisms, cognitive psychology remains the most dominant approach
      - practical applications
        
        AI + cognitive interview
- - - - PKU
      - genotype: genes, phenotype: way genes interact with environment
    - - aggression
        
        threatened
        
        lions fighting, celebrity paparazzi
        
        mate
        
        survival of the fittest, want the best for our offspring
        
        territory
        
        lions defending their territory
    - - twin studies
        
        MZ 100% same DNA, DZ 50%
    - - fight or flight response
        
        sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
  - - - psychoactive drug therapies, schizophrenia
    - - assumes only nature, implications for the legal system, criminals can blame their crime on supposed 'criminal gene'
    - - standardised procedures + internal validity
    - - can't separate nature and nurture (twin studies) cause and effect
- - - - Wundt
        
        1875 lab in Germany
        
        introspection
        
        AO1
        
        AO3