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Marisol Gomez Period 1: Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Marisol Gomez Period 1: Respiratory System
Upper respiratory structures and functions:
Pharynx: passageway for air and food
paranasal sinuses: lighten skull, may filter incoming air
nose and nasal cavity: produce mucus, filters, warms, and moistens incoming air
Lower Respiratory Structures and Functions:
larynx: air passageway, prevent food from entering. The voice box. Route air and food into channels.
trachea: voice production. air passageway. Extends from larynx into mediastinum. Wall has 3 layers.
mucosa: pseudostratified epithelium
submucosa: produce mucus sheets
adventitia: outermost layer made of connective tissue
bronchi and branches: connect trachea with alveoli. cleans incoming air
lungs: reduce surface tension. prevent lung from collapsing
alveoli: gas exchange
Respiratory zone: where gas exchange occurs
Conducting zone: where they transport the gas to form the gas exchange sites.
Major Functions
supply body with oxygen for cellular respirations
dispose of carbon dioxide. waste product
olfaction and speech
pulmonary ventilation: breathing, air in and out of lungs
external respiration: exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and blood
internal respiration: exchange of O2 and CO2 between blood vessels and tissues
Layers of Pleurae:
Parietal Pleurae: membrane located on the thoracic wall. Found between lungs
Visceral Pleurae: membrane located on external lung surface
pleurae: double serosal membrane. Divides the thoracic cavity in 2
mechanism & compare and contrast of inspiration and expiration:
inspiration: the gases flow into lungs
expiration: gases exit lungs
forced inspiration: during vigorous exercise, or COPD. Increase thoracic cage.
forced expiration: active process. Oblique and transverse
during inspiration there is action of diaphragm: the diaphragm contracts
during expiration the thoracic volume decreases and the lung recoils
during inspiration the thoracic volume increases, the lung becomes stretched and pulls out of the thoracic cage.
Volume and Pressure Relationships:
Atomic Pressure: exerted by air surrounding.
Intrapulmonary pressure: pressure in the alveoli. Fluctuate with breathing.
Transpulmonary: Ppul- Pip. Keep lung space open.
Intrapleural Pressure: pressure in pleural cavity. Fluctuate with breathing. Negative pressure
Disorders of Respiratory System:
Tonsilitis: infected and swollen tonsils. Block air passage in nasopharynx. Air not properly moistened.
Pleurisy: inflammation of pleurae. Can result in pneumonia. Friction and stabbing pain with each breath.
atelectasis: lung collapses
pneumothorax: air in pleural cavity
COPD: chronic obstructor pulmonary disorder. bronchitis
Tuberculosis: bacterial infection in the respiratory system
Pneumonia: bacterial infction in lungd
Lung Cancer: cell growth and development of tumors
Respiratory capacities and volumes:
inspiratory capacities: the sum of TV + IRV
functional residual capacity: sum of RV + ERV
vital capacity: sum of TV + IRV + ERV
total lung capacity: sum of all lung volume. TV + IRV + ERV + RV
tidal volumes: air removed into and out of lung.
Inspiratory reserve volume: can be inspired volume
expiratory reserve volume: remain in lungs