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Respiratory System By: Mariah Mancinas P:1 - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System By: Mariah Mancinas P:1
Major functions of the respiratory system
Supply the body with oxygen
Dispose of carbon dioxide
Functions with olfaction and speech
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide bettweeen lungs and blood, as well as systemic blood vessels and tissues
Pulmanry Ventalation, also know as breathing
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Larynx: Connects the pharynx to the trachea. It is the air passageway and prevents food from entering the lower respiratory tract.
Trachea: Flexible tube that is running from the larynx and divides inferiorly into the two main bronchi. It cleans warms and moiostens incoming air.
Bronchi and branches:Consists of right and left main bronchi and subdivide within the lungs. Consists of smooth muscles and is the airpassage way connecting the trachea and alveoli.
Lungs and alveoli:The lungs and alveoli both are important to the respiratory system the aleveoli functions by being the main place for gas exchange. The lungs function in housing the repiratory passageways.
Diaphragm: The diaphragm is the volume of lungs. When inspiration occurs than the lungs diaphram will increase. When experiation occurs than the diaphragm will decrease.
Layers of the pleurae
The Pleurae includes two thin layers of tissue. The inner layer being the visceral pleura and the outter layer being the parietal pleura.
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Nose and Nasal Cavity: Produces mucus as well as filter, warms and moistens incoming air.
Pharynx: Passageway fro air and food that is the passageway connecting the nasal cavity, to latynx and the oral cavity.
Paranasal Sinus: Lightens skull as well as warms, moistens and filters incoming air.
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Mechanism of Inspiration: Inspiration is the deed in which air enters the lungs. The active process of inspiratory muscles.
Mechanism of experation: Experation is the act of which air exits the lungs. The passive process of quiet expiration. Muscles will relax.
Boyle’s law: relationship between pressure and volume of a gas which is so pressure varies inversely with volume.
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
The atmospheric pressure is pressure exerted by air surrounding the body. 760 mm Hg at sea level = 1 atmosphere
Intrapulmanry pressure: The pressure in the alveoli, this makes your breathing fluctuate. Always gets to the same pressure as the atmospheric pressure.
Transpulmonary pressure: the pressure that keeps lungs open. This keeps the lungs from collapsing.
Intrapleural pressure: The pressure in the pleural cavity, fluctuates the breathing.
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Tidal Volumes: amount of air moved into and out of lung with each breath whic is around 500 ml on average.
Inspiratory reverse volume: amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond
the tidal volume. sum of TV + IRV
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV): amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from
lungs
Residual volume (RV): amount of air that always remains in lungs
Functional residal capacity: sum of TV + IRV
Sum of all lung volumes (TV + IRV+ ERV + RV) is the total lung capicity.
Internal vs. external respiration
External Respiration
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and lungs
Oxygen diffuses from the lungs to the blood
Carbon Dioxide diffuses from the blood to the lungs
Internal Respiration
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the systemic blood vessels
Oxygen diffuses from the blood to the tissues
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the Tissues to the blood
Disorders of the respiratory system
Tonsillites is when the tonsoils become infected and swollen. This can block the airway making it nessecray to breathe throught the mouth.
Laryngitis: The inflammation of the vocal folds that makes the vocal folds swell,
interfering with vibrations
Smoking can and ultimately destroys cilia which is contained in the Trachea Wall.
Heimlich maneuver: procedure in which air in victim’s lungs is used to “pop out,” or
expel, an obstructing piece of food
Pleurisy: inflammation of pleurae that often results from pneumonia
Atelectasis: lung collapse due to a plugged brachiones.