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Adriana Mireles - Concept Map: 09 Respiratory System Period:6 - Coggle…
Adriana Mireles - Concept Map: 09 Respiratory System Period:6
Major functions of the respiratory system
It gathers oxygen from the atmosphere while removing carbon dioxide. It also has tubes that help clean the air from the atmosphere to transport it into gas echange areas and to the microscopic air sacs that also exhange gases.
The respiratory system provides vocal sounds, regulate blood pH and help with the sense of smell.
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Structures
Nasal Cavity:
Function
It has a nasal conche that are scroll-shaped bones that divide the casal cavity into passageways. The conche supports the mucous membrane which helps filter and clean the air.
Once the particles get trapped in the mucus they are carried to the pharynx from the actions of the
cilia
which then is swalloed and carried to the stomach where the gastric juice destroys miscroorganisms in the mucus.
Sinuses:
Function
Is serves as resonant chamers for the voice, and help reduce the wight of the skull.
Nose:
Function
The nostrils creates an opening where the air can enter or exit, it also contains coarse hairs which helps prevent unwanted particles from entering.
Pharynx:
Function
It helps with producing sounds of speech. It also has
3 subdivisions:
Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Structure
:
Trachea
Function:
It has
globet cells
that product mucus, that traps incoming particles. The
cilila
then sweep mucus toward the pharynx where it is then swallowd and has a wall that is supported by 20 incomplete
(C-Shape) cartilaginous rings
that keep the airway open.
Bronchial Tree
Function:
<--
Terminal Bronchioles:
Branches off a larger bronchioles and the smaller bronchioles that conducts air without performing gas exchange.
Respiratory Bronchioles:
Where the branch off terminal bronchioles contains alveoli so it can perform gas exchange.
Bronchioles:
It's a smaller tublar organ that branch off the segmental bronchi.
Alveolar Ducts:
A branch off respiratory bronchiolies.
Tertiary Bronchi:
Branches of the lobar bronchi that then enters a segment of a lung.
Alveolar Sacs:
A branch of alveolar ducts that consists of air sacs called alveoli.
Secondary Bronchi:
Branches of the main bronchi that each enters a lobe of a lung.
Alveoli:
Conducts rapid gas exchange between the air and blood with the associated capillaries thats closely surrounded by extensive capillary networks.
Primary Bronchi:
Its the first branch of the bronchial tree, that it's directly off the trachea that then leads to a lung.
Larynx
Function:
It transport air in and out of the trachea, it also houses the
vocal cords
.
Lungs
Function:
A primary bronchus and large blood vessel enters each lung on the medial surface and occupy most of the thoriac cage.
Layers of the pleurae
Parietal Pleura:
The outer layer that lines the thoracic cavity.
Serous Fluid:
Lubricates the pleural cavity between the 2 layers.
Visceral Pleura:
The inner layer thats attached to the surface of each lung.
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Compare
The Mechanism of inspiration and expiration are similar because both of them are enternal intercostal muscles that is invloved with the diaphragm, lungs, and thoracic cavity.
Contrast
The mechanism of inspiration and expiration are different because inspiration is when your inhaling and getting air which enlarges the thoracic cavity while, for expiration you exhale the the air and the thoracic cavity decreases back to its original shape.
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Respiratory Capacities:
Vital Capacity (VC):
Maximum volume of air the lungs can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration; TV + IRV + ERV (~4,600mL)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC):
Total volume of air the lungs can hold; VC + RV (~5,800mL); varies with age, gender or body size.
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC):
Volume of air that remains in the lungs after a resting expiration; ERV + RV (~2,300mL)
Inspiratory Capacity (IC):
Volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal, resting expiration; IRV + TV (~3,500mL)
Respiratory Volumes:
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):
Volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to the tidal volume during force inspiration;
average is ~3,000mL
.
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):
Volume of air that can be exhaled during a maximal forced expiration, beyond the tidal volume;
average is ~1,200mL
.
Tidal Volume (TV):
Vomlume of air that enters or leaves the lungs during one repiratory cycle;
average is ~500mL
.
Residual Volume (RV):
Volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration;
average is ~1,200mL
, but can´t be measured with spirometer.
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
The relationship between volume and pressure in the thoracic cavity is because of the atmospheric pressure we can inhale the oxygen where it then travels to the lungs and expands the thoracic cavity or rib cage but, thanks to the volume it helps make sure that the human body doesn´t have too much or isn´t too low on exygen.
Disorders of the respiratory system
Pneumonia
Symptoms
Fever
shortness of breath
fatigue
Treatment Options
Over the counter medication
Antibiotics
Oxygen therapy
Causes/ Risk Factors
Bacterial infection
Viral infection
Aspiration
Description
Bacterial or viral infection of the lung
Lung Cancer
.
Causes/ Risk Factors
Smoking (90% of cases)
Asbestos exposure
Air pollution
Symptoms
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Weight loss
Description
Uncontrolled cell groth and development of tumors in the lungs
Treatment Options
Radiation
Surgical removal
Chemotherapy
Tuberculosis
Symptoms
Latent TB asymptomatic
Fever and fatigue
Tachycardia
Treatment Options
Long term antibiotics
Surgery
Medication
Causes/ Risk Factors
Travel where TB is common
Drug and alcohol abuse
weakened immuned system
Description
Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by Mycobacteriom tuberculosis
Seasonal Flu
.
Description
A viral infection, there are many virations of this virus and it changes rapidly year to year which changes the severity of symptoms
Causes/ Risk Factors
Inhaled in respiratory
Droplets
Age
Symptoms
Dry cough
Fatigue
Headache
Treatment Options
Early vaccination
Over the counter medication
Rest and hydration
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)
Causes/ Risk Factors
Tobacco Smoke
Dust Exposure
Genetics
Symptoms
Chronic cough
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Description
Includes chronic bronchitis emphysema and asthma
Treatment Options
Smoking cessation
Medications
Bronchodilators
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal
Gas exchange between the blood and blood cells
External
The gas exchange between lungs and blood