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Pollution and environmental problem in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region, after…
Pollution and environmental problem in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region
Legal force
legal framework
Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador
natural resources are the inalienable property of the State and the government of Ecuador
the State is responsible for the management of strategic sectors through state-owned or state-controlled companies
The Hydrocarbons Law and Regulations
Regulations of the Hydrocarbons Law
Hydrocarbon Operations Regulations
Environmental Regulations for Hydrocarbon Operations
laws and regulations on environmental, tax and accounting matters
Authorities on Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources
Ministry of Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources
oil activities licenses
Hydrocarbons Regulation and Control Agency (ARCH)
Upstream
oil extraction
Midstream
Oil transport
Downstream
oil refining
Ministry of the Environment
Environmental control
lawsuits
Internal rents service
Taxes
Contracts for Exploration and Exploitation of Hydrocarbons
association contracts
Participation contracts
Risk service contracts for the exploration and production of hydrocarbons
"Petroamazonas EP" integrated services contract
Chevron
1967
first crude oil exploitation
open oil burning
wastewater and other drilling and processing by-products discharged into rivers and streams
1994
first lawsuit against texaco
lawsuit settled for $176 million
1977
environmental legal vacuum
Texaco's standards and practices did not include the protection or control of the environment
1972-2001
47 pipeline leaks that spilled approximately 19 million barrels of oil
2011
Ecuadorian judge ordered Chevron to pay $9,5 million
after 10 eyars
economic losses for the texaco company
first health problems (cancer) in indigenous populations
(Savage, 2020).
(Gallegos, 2021)