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Respiratory System P.2 Matillda Garcia - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System P.2 Matillda Garcia
Major functions of respiratory system
intake oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
has tubes that filters, warms, and moisturize incoming air
transports filtered air into gas exchange areas and microscopic air sacs that exchange gases
removes particles from incoming air
regulates the temperature and water content of incoming air
provides vocal sounds
regulates blood pH
helps with sense of smell
upper respiratory and functions
nose
has nostrils that provide openings for air to enter and exit
inside nostrils are hairs that prevent particles from entering
nasal cavity
filter and warm the incoming air
medially divided by nasal septum
sinuses
air filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones
serves as resonant chambers for the voice
reduces weight of skull
pharynx
space behind the oral and nasal cavities and larynx
helps produce the sound for speech
common passageway for air and food from nasal and oral cavities
lower respiratory and functions
larynx
houses the vocal cords
transports air in and out of trachea
keeps particles from entering trachea
trachea
passageway for air
filters particles from the incoming air
bronchial tree
distributes the air to the lungs
conducts air from trachea to aveoli mucous lining continues to filter incoming air
lungs
where oxygen goes to
contains air passages, aveoli, blood vessels, connective tissus, lymphatic vessels and nerves
Layers of the pleurae
is double layered with serous membrane
Visceral pleura is the inner layer which is attached to the surface of each lung
parietal pleura is the outer layer and it lines the thoracic cavity
between the two layers is serous fluid which lubricated the pleura cavity
compare and contrast mechanisms of inspiration and expiration
inspiration
Inspiration is another name for inhaling which is when you breath in oxygen
while inhaling occurs the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and the pressure in the lungs decreases
your diaphragm contracts and moves downward which enlarges the thoracic cavity
expiration
expiration is another name for exhaling which is the process of releasing carbon dioxide
while exhaling occurs the volume from the thoracic cavity decreases and the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax and lungs recoil
the lungs contract and force air out
volume and pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
The volume and pressure is an inverse relationship
an inverse relationship in this area is basically when the pressure of the lungs decreases then the volume of the thoracic cavity increases
Respiratory volumes and capacities
there are four distinct respiratory volumes
Expiratory reserve volume: the volume of air that can be inhaled during a maximal forced expiration which is beyond the tidal volume. Average: ~ 1200 mL
Inspiratory reserve volume: the volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to the tidal volume which is during forced inspiration. The average is ~3000 mL
Tidal volume: volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs during one respiratory cycle and the average is 500 mL
Residual volume: air volume that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration. The average is ~1200 mL
Respiratory capacities is a combination of two or more respiratory volumes.
There are four types of respiratory capacities
Inspiratory capacity: air volume that can be inhaled after a normal resting expiration. IRV + TV (~3500 mL)
Functional residual capacity: air volume that remains in the lungs after a normal expriation. ERV + RV (~2300 mL)
Vital capacity: the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration. TV + IRV (~4600mL)
Total lung capacity: total volume of air that the lungs can hold. VC +RV (~5800mL)
internal vs. external respiration
internal
oxygen diffusing out of blood and into tissue
external
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to the lungs
Disorders:
asthma
lung cancer
pneumonia
seasonal flu
tuberculosis
COPD