Respiratory System Kaylee Lopez Period: 2
Major Functions of the Respiratory System
Ventilation/Breathing: The movement of air in and out of the lungs
External Respiration: The gas exchange between lungs and blood.
Gas Transport: Blood between the lungs and body cells
Internal Respiration: Gas exchange between the blood and body cells
Cellular Respiration: Oxygen use by the cells and production of carbon dioxide
Mucous Membrane: It's the bronchial tree filter, warms, and humidify incoming air.
Upper Respiratory Structures and Functions
Nose: It allows air to enter your body and then it filters and warms and moistens the air.
Nasal Cavity: It filters and warms the air and makes it moist before it goes into the lungs.
Sinuses: It produces mucus that moisturizes the inside of the nose.
Pharynx: It carries the air, food, and fluids from the nose to the mouth and it also serves as a digestive function too.
Lower Respiratory Structures and Functions
Trachea: Its carries air in and out of your lungs
Bronchi: It's a passage way for the air to travel from the mouth to the trachea down to the alveoli
Lungs: It moves fresh air into your body while it's also removing waste gases.
Bronchioles: It carries the air into small sacks in your lungs which are alveoli.
Thoracic Cage: It protects the lungs and the heart
Diaphragm: It helps you inhale and exhale the air in your lungs
Layers of the Pleurae
-It's a double-layered serous membrane
-Visceral Pleura: It's the inner layer which is attached to the surface of each lung
Parietal Pleura: It's the outer layered and it's attached to the surface of each lung
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
The difference between inspiration and expiration is the process they have for the air. For example inspiration is when you inhale the air to the lungs and expiration is when you exhale the air from your lungs and comes out through the mouth and nose. And what inspiration and expiration have in common is that they use the same pathway for the air to enter and leave the body.
Disorders of the Respiratory System
COPD: It's a chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder which includes bronchitis, emphyema, and asthma
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Inspiration Capacity(IC): It's the volume of the air that can be inhaled after a normal
Functional Residual Capacity(FRC): It's the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a resting expiration
Vital Capacity (VC): It's the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration
Total Lung Capacity (TLC): It's the total volume of air the lungs can hold
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal Respiration: The process of internal respiration is the diffusing oxygen from the blood and into the interstitial fluid and into the cells.
External Respiration: External respiration is the process of the gas exchange which allows air to enter and exit the lungs. And enters oxygen and carbon dioxide into the bloodstream.
Tuberculosis: It's a bacterial infection in the respiratory system
Pneumonia: It's a bacterial or viral infection of the lungs
Lung Cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth and development of tumors in the lungs
Flu: It's a viral infection of the lungs that happens rapidly every year