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Nazism & The Rise of the Hitler (II), Women who bore racially…

- - - - Jews remained the worst sufferers in Nazi Germany
      - The cause of the hatred:
        
        Jews and Christians have always had a feud between their religions
        
        Jews were called as the 'killers of Christ'
        
        Jews were stereotyped as 'usurers', being involved with moneylending and trade as they weren't allowed to own land until medieval times
      - Hitler thought that this 'Jewish problem' could only be solved by 'total elimination' i.e killing
    - - As most of north-western Poland was annexed to Germany, the lives of poles was completely disrupted
      - Poles were forced to leave their homes and properties behind, which were now in the hands of Germany
      - Poles were then shepherded to the General Government, the destination for all the undesirables and a killing field for Jews
      - Polish intelligentsia were killed, to ensure that the people would stay obedient, intellectually and spiritually
      - Polish children who resembled Nordic Aryans' features were snatched away from their mothers and tested by 'race experts'
        
        If they passed the test, they would be given to Ethnic German families and would be brought up by them
        
        If they failed the test, they would be sent to orphanages to die
    - - Step 2:
        Ghettoisation
        (1940-1944)
        
        September 1941
        
        All Jews had to wear a yellow Star of David on their breasts, which was their religious symbol
        
        This identity mark was stamped on their passport, all legal documents and houses
        
        Jews were kept in Jewish houses in Germany, and in ghettos like Lodz and Warsaw in the east
        
        Ghettos were areas where misery and poverty thrive, with inadequate resources, located apart from the living area
        
        Jews had to give up all their wealth before they entered a ghetto, a place where hunger, starvation, disease and filth were the 'normal'
      - Step 3:
        Annihilation
        (1941 onwards)
        
        Jews from Jewish houses, concentration camps and ghettos, stuffed in good trains were brought to be killed to death factories (gas chambers)
        
        With scientific precision, they were charred in gas chambers
        
        Poland, Belzek, Auschwitz, Sobibor, Treblinka, Chelmno and Majdanek were some noted death sites where the gas chambers were extensively present
      - Step 1:
        Exclusion
        (1933-1939)
        
        Nuremberg Laws of Citizenship:
        
        Only Germans or related blood would be German citizens enjoying the protection of the German empire
        
        Marriages between Jews and Germans were forbidden
        
        Extramarital relations between Jews and Germans became a crime
        
        Jews were forbidden to fly the national flag
        
        Some legal measures:
        
        Boycott of Jewish businesses
        
        Removal from government services
        
        Forced selling and confiscation of their properties
        
        The Night of Broken glass (Kristallnacht), Novermber 1938:
        Jewish properties were vandalised and looted, houses attacked, synagogues burnt, women were assaulted and men were arrested
  - - - All schools were ‘cleansed’ and ‘purified'
      - The teachers who were Jews or seen as ‘politically unreliable’ were removed
      - Children were first segregated: German and Jews weren't allowed to sit together, and then the 'undesirable' children were eventually thrown out
      - ‘Good German’ children went through a process of Nazi schooling, brainwashing their minds and giving them ideological training
      - School books were rewritten
      - Racial science was introduced to explain Nazi ideas
      - Children were taught to be loyal and passive, hate Jews, worship and idolize Hitler
      - Stereotypes of Jews were spread all around the school
      - Sports were divided and stereotyped
    - - Jungfolk
        
        10 to 13 year old children were made to join this organization
      - Hitler Youth
        
        14 year old boys had to join this organization
        
        The Youth League of the Nazis was founded in 1922 and later renamed to 'Hitler Youth'
        
        They learnt to worship war, glorify aggression and violence, hate democracyand the 'undesirables'
      - Labour Service
        The way forward
        
        After harsh physical and ideological training, the 18 year old boys were sent to labour service
        
        Then they had to serve in the armed forces and enter one of the Nazi organisations
- - - - Straightforward terms like 'kill' or 'murder' were never used
      - Mass killings were termed as:
        
        Special treatment, final solution
        For the Jews
        
        Euthanasia
        For the disabled
        
        Selection and disinfections
      - Evacuation
        deporting people to gas chambers
      - Disinfection-areas
        gas chambers
  - - - Pastor Niemoeller
        
        A German pastor, who was a resistance fighter
        
        He wrote about the 'silence' of the Germans through this brutally oppressive time
      - Charlotte Beradt
        
        A Jewish-German psychologist and journalist, who published the 'Third Reich of Dreams
        
        She secretly recorded Jewish people’s dreams in her diary, which she later published
        
        She wrote how Jews started internalizing the stereotypes being spread around about them
        
        They dreamt of their hooked noses, black hair and eyes, Jewish looks and how they hated it
        
        They were haunted by the pictures posted in the press
        
        The mental health of Jews was already dead before they were sent to the gas chambers
  - - - Ghetto and camp inhabitants diaries/notebooks
        (archives are made)
      - Memoirs
      - Documentaries
      - Poetry
      - Memorials
      - Museums
- - - - 4 children
    - - 6 children
    - - 8+ children