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Respiratory System: Gabriel Cruz - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System: Gabriel Cruz
Disorders
Pneumonia
Symptoms: shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea & vomiting
Treatments: O2 therapy, antibiotics, & over the counter medication
Causes: Bacterial infection, exposed to effected people, & Impaired immune sys.
Fact: 8.8 mill children deaths in 2008 & 1 in 5 due to pneumonia
Description: Bacterial or viral infection of lungs
Lung Cancer
Symptoms: Blood insputum, weight loss, & chest pain
Treatments:Target therapy, surgical removal, & chemotherapy (later stages treatments can only prolong life)
Causes: Smoking(90%), Radon gas, genetics, second hand smoking
Description: Uncontrolled cell growth & tumor in lungs
Fact:: Most cases in south & leading cause it smoking
Turberculosis
Symptoms: cough w/ thick mucus, swollen lymph nodes, & shortness of breath
Treatments: Long term antibiotics, surgery, and medication
Cause: weaken immune sys., drug or alcohol abuse, & contagiously inhaled
Fact: Highest case in Azerbaijan at 22%
Description: Bacterial infection in respiratory sys. caused by mycobacterium
COPD
Symptoms: Wheezing, lung damage, chronic cough, (lead cause of death world wide)
Treatments:Lung transplant, Pulmonary rehabilitation, & smoking cessation
Causes: Genetics, air pollution, tobacco smoke. chem exposure
Fact: The age group with highest COPD suffering is 75-84 and mostly in women.
Description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; chronic bronchitis, emphysema, & asthma.
Seasonal Flu
Symptoms: Dry-cough, fatigue, & Fever
Treatments: Vaccination, over the counter medication, & rest & hydration
Causes: Occupation, Age, & inhaled in-respiratory droplets
Fact: 314 or 683
Description: Viral infection, many variations of virus & changes rapidly so symptoms can vary.
upper organs of respiratory sys
Nasal Cavity: divided by nasal septum, have
nasal conchae
: dived the cavity, support mucous membrane, & is the area to war moisturize, and filter the air
Paransal Sinuses: fill air into; moxillary, frontal, ethmoid, & sphenoid bone. Also the resonate chambers for voice
Nose: start of the airway pathway, entrance and exit for air, & have coarse hair to stop particles
Phraynx: help produce speech, passage for air and food, and has 3 subdivisions; nasopharynx, oropharynx, & laryngopharynx
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Alveolar pressure: has to be lower than atmospheric (inspiration), if higher it causes higher to be let out(expiration)
Intrapleural pressure: is btw the lung and the chest cavity which is less than the atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure: if greater than alveolar pressure then air is allowed to move into the lungs(inspiration)
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Inspiration:
Forced: Maximal inspiration: contraction of several more muscles(pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid, scalene), thoracic cav expands w/ the lungs, tend to cause alveolar collapse but due to surfactant it keeps the alveolar inflated
Normal: air moves from high to lower pressure because the atmospheric pressure is lower that the pressure inside the lungs air flows in the lungs. This Increases vol of thoracic cavity causes air pressure inside the lungs to decrease.
Muscle movement: Diaphragm contracts an moves downward, enlarge the cav, external intercostals contract to move ribs and sternum up and out, muscles contract makes pressure in lungs fall 2mm below atmospheric (cause air to rush in)
Expiration:
Forced: more air let out then normal
Muscle movement: Diaphragm moves upward,
Normal:passive process of elastic recoil of the muscle and lung, diaphragm & external intercostal muscle relax and decrease vol of cavity, everything back to OG shape, alveolar pressure increase to 1mm above atmospheric to let air out
internal vs. external respiration
Internal: gas exchange btw blood and body cell
External : gas exchange btw lungs and blood
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Respiratory Volume
Inspiratory Reserve Vol (IRV): Max vol air that can inhaled at the end of resting inspiration (3000mL)
Expiatory Reserve Vol (ERV): Max vol air that can be exhaled at the end of resting expiration (1,100mL)
Tidal Vol (TV): vol of air moved in/out of lungs during respiratory cycle(500mL)
Residual Vol (RV): val air that remains in lungs even after max expiration (1,200mL)
Respiratory Capacities
Inspiratory Capacity (IC): Max vol ait that can be inhaled following exhalation resting tidal(3500mL); IC=TV+IRV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC): Vol air remaining in lungs following exhalation resting tidal vol(2600mL); FRC=ERV+RV
Vital Capacity (VC); Max vol air that can be exhaled after taking deepest breath possible (4600mL)VC=TV+IRV+ERV
Total Lung Capacity (TLC): total vol of air that lungs can hold(5,800mL); TLC=VC+RV
Layers of the pleurae
Serous Fluid: lubs pleurae cav btw the layers
Parietal pleura: outer layer that lines thoracic cavity
Viseral Pleura: Inner layer on the surface of the lung
lower organs of respiratory sys
Trachea(windpipe): extends into thoracic cav, splits into R & L bronchi, inner wall has mucous w/ goblet cells, & has a c shape ring keeping airway open.
Bronchial Tree:
Terminal Bronchioles; branch off Bronchioles. Smallest bronchioles conduct air w/out performing gas exchange.
Respiratory Bronchioles: branch off TB, contain alveoli, gas exchange happen.
Bronchioles: tubular organ branched off sentimental bronchi
Alveolar ducts: branch off RB
Tertiary Bronchi; branch of bronchi bronchi, enters segment of lung
Alveolar sacs: branch off AD, with air sacs called alveoli
secondary bronchi: from 1st entering the lobe of the lung.
Alveoli; conduct rapid gas exchange between air & blood. Surrounded by capillary network.
Primary bronchi: 1st branch of tree from trachea leading to the lungs.
Larynx: Airway, have vocal cords, air in & out of trachea, keep particles out, & contains thyroid cartilage which has the Adams apple
Lungs: separated by mediastinum, enclosed by the diaphragm & thoracic cage, right lung has 3 lobes & left 2 because the heart is where the other lobe would be. Contain; air passage, alveoli, nerves, BV, lymphatic vessels & CT
Major functions of the respiratory sys.
Filters, warms, and moisturize incoming air
remove particles, reg temp and H20 content of air, vocal cords, regulate blood ph, & help with smell
O2 breaks down the nutrients to releases & produce energy(ATP). CO2 is the product of the breakdown