Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Final Test Review - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Competition: a relation ship in which different individuals or populations attempt to use the same limited resource.
      - Predation:An organism that feeds on another organism is called a predator, and the organism that is fed upon is the prey.
      - Parasitism:The relationship between the parasite and its host
      - Mutualism:A close relationship between two species in which each species provides a benefit to the other
      - Commensalism: relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped is called commensalism
  - - - This rate is limited by the maximum number of offspring that each member of the population can produce, which is called its reproductive potential.
    - - Populations sometimes undergo exponential growth, which grow faster and faster. Exponential growth occurs in nature only when populations have plenty of food and space, and have little or no competition or predators.
- - - - Nekton
        
        free-swimming organisms
      - Benthos
        
        bottom-dwellers
      - Plankton
        
        organisms that cannot swim against currents
    - - littoral zone
        
        near the shore, aquatic life is diverse and abundant
      - benthic zone
        
        the bottom of a pond or lake, which is inhabited by decomposers, insect larvae, and clams
    - - an increase in the number of nutrients. Lakes with large amounts of algae and plant growth from excessive nutrients are eutrophic lakes
    - - Marshes
        
        The benthic zones of marshes are nutrient-rich and contain plants, algae, many types of decomposers, and scavengers
      - Swamps
        
        Swamps occur on flat, poorly drained, wooded land, often near streams.
  - - - An estuary is an area in which fresh water from a river mixes with salt water from the ocean.
    - - Estuaries support many marine organisms because estuaries receive plenty of light for photosynthesis and abundant nutrients for plants and animals.
    - - Estuaries in populated areas were often used as solid waste landfills.
    - - In estuaries, where rivers deposit their load of mineral-rich mud, salt marshes form.
    - - Dense growths of mangrove trees in swampy areas called mangrove swamps are found in tropical and subtropical zones.
    - - Barrier islands often run parallel to sandy shores.
    - - Coral reefs are limestone ridges built by tiny coral animals called coral polyps and the algae that live inside them.
      - Coral Reefs in Danger
        
        Coral reefs are fragile ecosystems.
      - Plants and Animals of Oceans
        
        In the open ocean, phytoplankton grow only in areas where there is enough light and nutrients.
      - Threats to the Oceans
        
        Most ocean pollution arises from activities on land
      - Arctic and Antarctic Ecosystems
        
        The arctic ecosystems at the North and South Poles are marine ecosystems because nearly all the food comes from the ocean and seas.