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Structure & Function of Amino acids and Protein, protein-structure…
Structure & Function of
Amino acids and Protein
Classification of Amino Acids
Based on Properties of R groups.
3.Positively charged R groups
:<3:
-Lysine
-Arginine
-Histidine
4.Negatively charged R groups
:<3:
Glutamate
Aspartate
2.Polar, uncharged R groups
:<3:
-Serine
-Threonine
-Cysteine
-Proline
-Asparagine
-Glutamine
5.Nonpolar, aromatic R groups
:<3:
-Phenylalanine
-Tyrosine
-Tryptophan
1.Nonpolar, Aliphatic R groups
:<3:
-Glycine
-Alanine
-Valine
-Leucine
-Methionine
-Isoleucine
Based on Structure
Aliphatic amino acids
Aromatic amino acids : Phenylalanine, Tyrosine
Heterocyclic amino acids: Tryptophan, Histidine
Heterocyclic amino acids: Tryptophan, Histidine
Based on Nutritional Requirements
Essential or Indispensable amino acids ; cannot be synthesized by the body.
Partially essential or Semi-essential amino acids
Nonessential or Dispensable amino acids; can be synthesized by the body.
General structure of an Amino acid
Chemical and Physic Properties of Amino acids
acid base and buffer prpperties of amino acids
:pencil2: Break down Carboxylic group and amino group
2.Isoelectric point
:pencil2: pH of molecule carries that change = 0
:pencil2: Solubility and Buffering will be minimum
3.optical Actiivity
:pencil2: D and L isomers
:pencil2: Miror to each other
Peptide Bond Formation
Covalently join the α-carboxyl group (-COOH) of each amino acid to the α-amino group (-NH2) of another by dehydration or condensation reaction
Peptide bond has no freedom of rotation
Atoms in peptide bond from a rigid, planar unit
Protein Structure
1.Primary Structure
:pencil2: Amino acid sequence of polypeptide linking with peptide bond
2.Secondary Structure
:pencil2: Regular arrangment in space of adjust amino acid residuce in a polypeptide chain
3.Tertiary Structure
:pencil2: Spatial relationship among all amino acid in polypeptide
4.Quaternary Structure
:pencil2: The overall spatial arrangement of polypeptides or subunits within protein.
Classification of Protein
Protein configuration
Fibrous proteins
Keratin
Alpha keratin
Beta keratin
Beta-plate sheet
Found in birds and reptiles
2.Fibroin
Found in slink
Anti-parallel beta-platesheet
3.Collagen
Glycine
Proline
Alanine
Hydroxyproline
Globular protein
albumins
Glubulins
Protamins
enzymes
Hormones
Transport protein
Solubility properties
Soluble in water
Albumins
Protamines
Insoluble in water
Glubulins
Protamines
Scleroproteins
Biological Function of Protein
Defensive proteins = Antibodies
Contractile proteins = Actin & Myosin
Regulator proteins = Membrane proteins
Hormonal proteins = Insulin—>synthesized by —> B-cell of islets of langerhans in the pancreas. Function-> Control the glucose level in the blood —- Diabetes mellitus insulin injection
Transport proteins = Hemoglobin
Storage proteins = Ovalalbumin , Casein
Structural proteins = Silk , Collagen , Elastin , Keratin
Enzymatic proteins = DNA polymerase
