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What conditions are most favorable for enzyme function? - Coggle Diagram
What conditions are most favorable for enzyme function?
Conditions
Temperature
Denaturing Temperature = 60°C (Daniel, Dines and Petach, 1996)
Optimum temperature for enzyme function = 37°C (Daniel, Dines and Petach, 1996)
pH
Optimum pH for enzyme function = 7 (F, 2019)
Working pH range for enzyme function = 5 - 9 (F, 2019)
Substrate Concentration
Will be limited by enzyme concentration after certain extent
Enzyme Concentration
Will be limited by substrate concentration after certain extent
Favorable
Changes in conditions can cause enzymes to be denatured and loose their ability to bind to a substrate (Daniel, Dines and Petach, 1996)
How can 'favorable' be measured?
Optimum reaction rate
Amount and rate of product collection
Change in light absorbance
Amount of byproduct produced
Change in substrate concentration
Possible Independent Variable
Changing substrate concentration from 20% - 100%
Changing enzyme concentration 20% - 100%
pH
Changing T\temperature from 20°C - 70°C
Possible Dependent Variables
Amount of product produced
Rate of reaction
Enzymes
Byproducts of enzyme reaction (Pither, 2005)
Ethylene
Ethane
Methane
Types of enzymes
Depending on what types of reaction they catalyses, enzymes can be classified into 7 categories (Contributors, 2021)
oxidoreductases
transferases
hydrolases
Hydrolases enzymes used in cleaning detergents
Amalase
Good for removing starch (e.g potato, chocolate)
Protease
Good for removing proteins (e.g blood, egg)
Lipase
Good for removing lipids (e.g oils, fats)
Pectinase
Good for removing Pectin (e.g jams, berries)
lyases
isomerases
Ligases
translocases
Enzymes have particular shapes (Pither, 2005)
shapes enables only one type of molecule to fit with that enzymes
The place where the substance fits onto the enzymes is called the active site
the substance that fits into the active site is called the substrate
Function
What is enzyme function?
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological cataylsts
Catalysts accelerate chemical reactions (Newman, 2018)
The enzymes acts on a substrate converting it into different molecules known as products (Newman, 2018)
Enzymes are not altered during the reaction (Newman, 2018)
Enzymes are specific to particular chemical reactions (Newman, 2018)
How to measure enzyme function
Rate of reaction
Cleaning ability
Detergent enzymes account for about 30% of the total worldwide production of enzymes. (Burchett, 2007)
Enzymes are added to laundry detergent to improve cleaning performance (Burchett, 2007)