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Elyza Vivar Per.5 Cardiovascular system - Coggle Diagram
Elyza Vivar Per.5 Cardiovascular system
Major components and functions of Blood
Components
Red blood cells
: carry Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
White Blood cells
: defend the body against disease
Plasma
: transports nutrients and gases
Platelets
: fragments of large cells; helps stop bleeding
Functions
Transports
substances
throughout the body, helps with
homeostasis and heat
Transports
nutrients
and
oxygen
to the body cells, and removes
metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide
ABO & Rh blood types
Blood Groups
A
: has
A antigen and Anti-B antibodies
Can
donate to type A & AB
, can
receive O & A
B
: Has
B antigens
and
Anti-A antibodies
Can
donate to type B & AB
, can
receive O & B
O
: Has
neither antigen
but
both types of antibodies
Because of the lack of antigens Type O can
donate to anyone
but because of the Antibodies it can
only receive type O
blood
AB
: Has both
A & B antigens
but
neither type of antibodies
Can
donate to AB
, can
receive from everyone
Antigen
-A molecule that evolves an immune response
Antibody
- A protein produced by the immune system to attack a specific antigen
Blood groups
are based or absence of 2 important antigens on RBC membranes:
Antigen A and Antigen B
Rh Groups
RH Antigen is
Antigen-D
if it is
present
in the blood=
RH+
if
absent=RH-
People with
RH+ blood
can
receive RH+ & RH- blood
because they
do not produce anti-D antibodies
People with
RH- blood
can
only receive RH- blood
because their body produces
Anti-D antibodies
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Supplies
oxygen and nutrients to tissues
and
removes wastes
Circulates Oxygen and removes Carbon Dioxide
Provides Cells with nutrients
Removes the wastes from cells
Protects the body against disease and infection
Clotting stops bleeding after an injury
Anatomy of the heart
Superior Vena Cava
- Is at the top of the heart on the right
Right pulmonary artery
-Located near the superior vena cava
Aorta
- Curved structure at the superior part of the heart
Brachiocephalic Trunk
- Branches off from the aorta and is on the right
Left common carotid artery
- Also branches of the Aorta and is most medial
Left subclavian artery
- Last artery that branches off the aorta
Left pulmonary artery
- Across from right pulmonary artery
Left Atrium
- Located at the base of the heart on the left
Right Atrium
- Across from the left atrium
Left Pulmonary Veins
- Close to the left atrium
Right Pulmonary Veins
- Close to the right atrium
Interventricular sulcus
- Seperates the right and left part of the heart
Right ventricle
- Located under the right atrium
Inferior vena cava
- Most inferior structure that protrudes from the heart
Left ventricle
- Located under the left atria
Apex
- The most most inferior part of the heart
Base
- The widest part of the heart
Tricuspid valve
- leads from the right atrium to the right ventricle
Aortic valve
- Leads blood from the left ventricle to the aorta
Mitral/ Bicuspid valve
-Leads blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle
Pulmonary valve
- leads blood from the right atrium to the pulmonary artery
Interventricular septum
- separates the right and left side of the heart internally
Layers of the heart
Epicardium
- Outer layer of the heart
Myocardium
- Middle layer of the heart
Endocardium
-Inner layer of the heart that surrounds the atria and ventricles
Blood flow through the heart and body
Through the Heart
Superior Vena Cava
and
Inferior Vena Cava
bring
oxygenated blood
to the
Right Atrium
.
The
blood leaves
the
Right Atrium
through the
tricuspid valve
into the
Right Ventricle
The
blood leaves
the
Right Ventricle
through the
Pulmonary Valve
into the Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary artery splits into Right and Left Pulmonary artery and the
blood
travels to the
lungs
and become
oxygenated
Blood
comes from the lungs back to the heart within the
pulmonary veins
into the
Left Atrium
The
blood
is pumped into the
Left Ventricle
through the
Mitral/ Bicuspid Valve
Blood
exits the
Left Ventricle
through the
Aortic Semilunar Valve
to the
Aorta
The
Aorta
splits and send
blood
throughout the body
Through the body
Brachiocephalic artery
- Supplies blood to the right arm, right side of the head, and neck
Subclavian artery
- Left arm
Common Carotid artery
- Supplies blood to the left side of the Head
Right and Left Coronary Arteries
- Heart
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
Capillaries
Wall consists of
one layer
smallest diameter
Veins
Also has
three layers
Has
little muscle
Carries
deoxygenated blood
to the
heart
Larger lumen than Arteries
Blood pressure
is lower than in Arteries
have
valves to prevent backflow of blood
Arteries
Mostly carry
oxygenated blood
towards the
body
The wall consists of
three layers
Carries
high-pressure blood
Has
most muscle
Smaller lumen than veins
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
P-Wave
- First wave and is the contraction of the Atria
QRS Complex
- Depolarization of the ventricles and the repolarization of the Atria
T-wave
- ventricular repolarization, and leads to ventricular relaxation
ECG
- is a recording of the electrical changes that occur during a cardiac cycle
Cardiac Cycle
- The beating of the heart and which parts of the heart are contracting or relaxing
Major blood vessels
Subclavian artery and vein
Brachiocephalic artery and vein
Common Carotid artery
Right and Left Coronary Arteries
internal jugular veins and arteries
Exterrnal Jugular Veins and arteries
Axilllary vein and artery
Superioir and Inferioir Vena Cava
Brachial veins and arteries
Ulnar veins and arteries
Radial veins and arteries
Internal iliac vein
Common iliac vein and artery
External iliac vein
Femoral vein and artery
Great saphenous vein
Fibular artery
Anterior tibial artery
Vital signs
Force blood exerts against the inner walls of blood vessels
the term "blood pressure"refers to systemic arterial pressure
moves blood through lumen of arteries and arteerioles
pulse is the rhythms of the atria and ventricles opening and closing
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Anemia
- deficiency in red blood cells or quantity of hemoglobin
Polycytthemia
- causes viscous, slow moving blood and oxygen deficiency
Atherosclerosis
- build-up of fatty deposits in walls of arteries lead to abnormal formation of clots
Coronary thrombosis
- clot in a vessel that supplies the heart
Pulmonary embolism
- traveling blood clot that blocks part of a lung
Inforction
- clot that blocks blood flow and kills tissue supplied by that vessel
Heart Attack
- blood flow to part of the heart is blocked
Peripheral Artery disease
- Arteries harrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
Cerebrovascular Accident
- Blood flow to a portion of the brain is interupted
Endocarditis and Myocarditis
- Inflammation of the heart
Congenital Heart Disease
- Issue with heart structure and function present from birth