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Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids - Coggle Diagram
Structure and Function of Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids
Two types of nucleic acid 1. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) 2.Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Nucleotide consists of 3 part
Nitrogenous base
Pyrimidine: Cytosine, Thymine and Uracil
Purine: Adenine and Guanine
Pentose sugar
Phosphate group
Pentose sugar
RNA have ribose sugar.DNA have deoxyribose sugar.
Nucleosides have a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon carbohydrate group link by β-N-Glycosidic bond.Nucleotides are simply a nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups attached by Phosphoester Bond
Double Helical DNA
The DNA double helix is antiparallel connected by DNA base pairs via hydrogen bonding
As are always paired with Ts and Cs are always paired with Gs, which is consistent with and accounts for Chargaff's rule.
DNA conformations
A ---> Moderately dehydrating the B form
B <----->Z may play a role in regulating gene
expression
Properties of Nucleic Acids
Acidity : DNA is normally acidic
because of phosphate
Denaturation and Renaturation
Absorption spectra of nucleic acids
ssDNA absorbs 12- 40% more light than dsDNA
at 260 nm
Melting temperature, Tm
A temperature at which half the DNA has become single-stranded.
Viscosity : dsDNA>ssDNA
Biological Function of Nucleic Acids
Biosynthesis pathway : S-adenosylmethionine(S-AdoMet)
Enzyme regulation : ATP, GTP, NADH
Signaling molecule : Adenosine 3'-5'-cyclic-monophosphate
Coenzymes: NAD+,NADP+,FAD,Coenzyme A
Energy storage : Adenosine 5'-triphosphate
Genetic information : RNA and DNA
