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HIV/AIDS - Coggle Diagram
HIV/AIDS
Clinical manifestations
Chronic HIV: generally asymptomatic
Symptomatic HIV: fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, weight loss, thrush, herpes zoster, pneumonia
Acute HIV: fever, headache, muscle aches, rash, painful mouth sores, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, weight loss, cough, night sweats
AIDS: sweats, chills, recurring fever, chronic diarrhea, swollen lymph glands, persistent white spots/lesions on tongue or mouth, unexplained fatigue, weakness, weight loss, skin rashes or bumps
Risk factors
Having an STI
Unclean needles
Receiving unsafe injections, blood transfusions, or other unsterile procedures
Accidental nedele stick injuries
Sharing needles for drug use
Unprotected sex
Diagnostics
Staging disease: CD4 T cell count, viral load, drug resistance
Complications: tuberculosis, hepatitis B/C, STI's, liver or kidney damage, urinary tract infection, cervical/anal cancer, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis
Diagnosis: antigen/antibody tests, nucleic acid tests (the first test after exposure)
Pathogenesis
HIV fuses to the host cell. Then HIV RNA, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and other viral proteins enter the host cell. Viral DNA is formed by reverse transcription and then is transported across the nucleus and integrates into the host DNA. New viral RNA is used as genomic RNA and to make viral proteins before it moved to the cell surface and a new, immature, HIV forms. Finally, the virus matures by protease releasing individual HIV proteins.
Incidence/prevalence
HIV incidence declined 8% from 2015 to 2019. In 2019, the estimated number of HIV infections in the US was 34,800 and the rate was 12.6.
The highest rate by race/ethnicity was for Blacks/African American persons (42.1)
The largest percentage of HIV infections were attributed to male-to-male sexual contact (66%)
The rate was highest for people aged 25-34 (30.1)
Treatment
Drugs: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, entry or fusion inhibitors