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Structure and Function of Lipids - Coggle Diagram
Structure and Function of Lipids
General Characteristics of Lipids
Lipids constitute a heterogeneous group
of compounds of biochemical importance.
Lipids may be defined as compounds that are relatively insoluble in water but freely soluble in nonpolar organic solvents like benzene,
chloroform, ether, hot alcohol, acetone, etc.
Systematic Nomenclature of Fatty Acids
Saturated Fatty Acids
Example
12 carbon atom (12:0) = Dodecanoic acid
16 carbon atom (16:0) = Hexadecanoic acid
18 carbon atom (18:0) = Octadecanoic acid
24 carbon atom (24:0) = Tetracosanoic acid
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Example
18 carbon atom and 2 double bonds (18:2) = Octadecadienoic acid
20 carbon atom and 4 double bonds (20:4) = Eicosatetraenoic acid
18 carbon atom and 1 double bonds (18:1) = Octadecenoic acid
20 carbon atom and 5 double bonds (20:5) = Eicosapentaenoic acid
Chemical Properties of Fatty Acids
Fatty acids are carboxylic acids (monocarboxylic acid)
Fatty acids are aliphatic carboxylic acids and have the general formula,
R—CO—OH
A fatty acid consists of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain with a terminal carboxyl group that has a pKa of about 4.8
Lipid Classification
Simple Lipids
Fat and oil (glycerol ester)
Waxes (alcohol ester)
Precursor and Derived Lipid
Steroids
Ketone bodies
Eicosanoids
Terpenes
Complex Lipids
Phospholipids
Glycolipids (glycosphingolipids)
Sphingolipids
Structure and Function of Blood Lipoproteins
Lipoproteins
VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)
LDL (low density lipoprotein)
Chylomicron
HDL (high density lipoprotein)
Function
VLDL: Liver ---TG---> Adipose tissue
LDL: Liver ---Cholesterol---> Tissues
HDL: Tissues ---Cholesterol---> Liver
Biological Functions of Lipids
Sphingolipids
Membrane components
Eicosanoids
Modulators of physiologic activity
Cholesterol
Membrane component
Phosphoglycerides
Membrane components
Steroid hormones
Modulators of physiologic activity
Triacylglycerols
Storage
Transport
Lipophilic bile acids
Lipid solubilization
Fatty acids
Energy sources
Biosynthetic precursors
Lipoprotein
Lipid transfer
Ketone bodies
Energy sources