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Structure and function of Amino acid and protein - Coggle Diagram
Structure and function of Amino acid and protein
General Structure of an Amino acid
H2N-CHR-COOH, R = Side chain
Classification of Protein
Solubility properties
Soluble in water: Albumins, Protamines,
Insoluble in water: Globulins, Prolamines, Scleroproteins
Chemical composition
Simple proteins
Conjugated proteins: glycoprotein, lipoprotein, nucleoprotein
Protein configuration
Fibrous proteins: keratin, fibroin, collagen
Globular proteins: albumins, globulins, protamines
Biological functions
Chemical and Physical Properties of Amino Acids
Acid-Base and Buffer Properties of Amino Acids
Optical Activity
Amino acids having an asymmetric carbon atom exhibit optical activity: D
and L isomers
Peptide Bond Formation
Covalently join the carboxyl group (-COOH) of each amino acid to the amino group (-NH2) of another by dehydration or condensation reaction
Atoms in peptide bond from a rigid, planar unit
Peptide bond has no freedom of rotation
Classification of Amino Acid
Classification of Amino Acids based on the Properties of R groups
Classification of Amino Acids based on Structure
1.Aliphatic amino acids
1.1 Mono amino mono carboxylic acids
• Simple amino acids
: Glycine, Alanine
• Branched chain amino acids
: Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine
Hydroxy amino acids
: Serine, Threonine
Sulphur containing amino acids
: Cysteine, Methionine
Amino acids with amide group
: Asparagine, Glutamine
1.2 Mono amino dicarboxylic acids: Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid
1.3 Di basic mono carboxylic acids: Lysine, Arginine
Aromatic amino acids: Phenylalanine, Tyrosine
Heterocyclic amino acids: Tryptophan, Histidine
Imino acid: Proline
Classification of Amino Acids based on Nutritional Requirements
Essential or Indispensable amino acids
Isoleucine, Leucine, Threonine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Valine
Partially essential or Semi-essential amino acids
Histidine and arginine
Nonessential or Dispensable amino acids
Cysteine, Glycine, Serine, Alanine, Tyrosine, Asparagine, Aspartate, Glutamine, Glutamate, Proline
Protein Structure
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
