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Cognitivism - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Theorized that there are four stages of Cognitive Development. The first is a sensorimotor stage. This stage typically lasts until a child is about two years old. During the sensorimotor stage, a child explores the world through his senses: taste, touch, sight, sound, and smell.
        
        The final three stages are operational stages. The preoperational stage occurs when a child begins and continues to develop language and thinking skills, and typically lasts from age two until age seven. The child also becomes focused on himself and how the world relates to him.
        
        The concrete operational stage usually occurs between the ages of seven and twelve. During the concrete operational stage, a child begins to see the world in relation to others, not just himself. Children also begin to develop logical thinking; they begin to understand that the way objects are set up has nothing to do with the amount of an object. For example, children will begin to understand that in the following pictures, even though they are set up differently, different colors, etc., there are still only four boxes in each picture.
        
        The final stage of Piaget's theory is known as the formal operational stage. The formal operational stage begins around age twelve and lasts throughout our adult lives. During this stage we develop both logical and abstract thinking. Our thought process is ever changing. For example, if you ask a four year old girl why she eat apples, she may say, "they're yummy." Asking the same question to a twelve year old girl may get you a response such as, "they're good for me" Asking a college student in a nutrition class why a person eats apples can lead to an entire discussion on what foods you should eat and what they do for you.
      - Piaget`s theory
        
        Teachers should carefully assess the current stage of a child's cognitive development and only assign tasks for which the child is prepared.
        
        Teachers must provide children with learning opportunities that enable them to advance through each developmental stage.
        
        Teachers should be concerned with the process of learning rather than the end product.
    - - Started the first psychology laboratory in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany. He believed in "the development of introspection as a means for studying the mind."
      - Context
        
        Though he was not specifically involved in the field of Educational Psychology, he began the study of the mind. Therefore, he is an important name in the history of psychology, educational or otherwise.
    - - Learning was passed down from generation to generation; that it was a result of interactions in which children worked with their peers and a mentor to solve problems and that cognitive development could only be understood.
- - - - Educational Websites and Computer Games
        
        Most educational websites computer games focus on stimulating a young child's senses while engaging them in various cognitive tasks. Below are three of the many learning websites that are available to enhance cognitive development in young children.
      - Sorting Games
        Sorting games require individuals to utilize recognition and reasoning. Teachers can engage children in games in which the children sort items by various criteria, such as color, size, texture, and other physical attributes of the items. A more advanced approach to sorting is discussing how the items are similar. This process promotes critical thinking.
      - Flash Cards
        Flash cards can be used various tasks. This involves notecards or even scraps of paper in which two parts of information is written on either side of the notecard. These can be as simple as having cards with a red dot on one side and the word red on the other. Flash cards are typically used in a classroom for drills or in private study. These cards are used to aid memorization. Pre-made flash cards are available for many subjects. Teachers and students may also make homemade flash cards, depending on how and what they are studying. Flash cards may also be personalized and printed from certain websites. (Flashcards) Flash cards can be utilized into various games as well.
      - Board Games
        Teachers may include board games in their classrooms to promote cognitive development. Unlike computer and video games, boardgames are tangible. Children can manipulate different pieces in the game. Board games can be implemented to enhance mathematical and linguistic skills and enhance a child's ability to understand and follow directions. Monopoly and Bingo are two examples of games that may be considered in the classroom.
      - Puzzles
        
        Finding a solution to a puzzle develops a child's problem solving ability. Puzzles require a child to consider patterns, orders, and associations. Some children are better problem, and puzzle, solvers than others. Children who actively solve puzzles that they are able to touch and piece together are more likely to understand certain concepts and develop their own theories about those concepts.