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Carbohydrate - Coggle Diagram
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Carbohydrate
Monosaccharides
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Isomers
Stereoisomer (spatial isomers)
= All that differs is the three-dimensional spatial arrangenment of the atoms.
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Constitutional (structural) isomers
= Identical molecular formula but different either in the position of a certain substitute.
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Epimers : stereoisomers that differ in the position of the hydroxyl group at only one assymetric carbon.
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Polysaccharide
Polymer of monosaccharide (100- <1,000 molecules) with glycosidic bonds
Linear or branch polymer
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2.Peptidoglycan (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine +N-acetylmuramic acid) - Glycoaminoglycan: Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate,keratan sulphate,dermatan sulphate and heparin
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Glycoproteins
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Serve as enzymes, lubricants, hormones, antibodies and structural proteins
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Structures contain mannose, L-fucose and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) in addition to glucose, galactose and amino derivatives
Glycolipids
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Cerebrosides : Glucose, Galactose
Oligosaccharide
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Lactose
It is a monosaccharide mainly found in mammalian milk. The full name of lactose is B-D-galactopyranosyl (1—>4)-D-glucopyzanose. represents the glydosytic bond between (C-1) of the galactose amorner and (C-4) of glucose,classified as reducing sugar and can undergo mutarotation reactions.
sucrose
It consists of glucose and fructose connected by alpha glycoside bonds. Sucrose differs from other sugars in that it is not reducing sugar. Because there is no free hydroxyl group on the carbon anomer.