Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Lecture 6:Fungal and HPV infections - Coggle Diagram
Lecture 6:Fungal and HPV infections
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs)
Cutaneous HPVs
Transmission
Skin to skin contact
Clinical features
Skin warts (verucca)
Common warts
Plantar warts (on soles of feet)
Flat warts
Treatment
OTC topical medications
Cryotherapy (freezing)
Laser or minor surgery
Prevention
Hygiene
Hand hygiene
Gloves when in contact with lesions
Genital HPVs
Transmission
Mother to fetus (during birth) (rare)
Sexual contact
Types
Ano-genital warts (AGW)
HPV 6 & 11
Vulvar, vaginal, perianal, penile
Cervical carcinoma
Ireland -> 8th most common type of cancer
Average age of diagnosis: 45 years
Average age of death: 56 years
Clinical features
Asymptomatic (early stage)
Vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, vaginal discharge (later stages)
Metastatic disease
13 high risk HPV genotypes
16,18 account for >70% of cervical cancer cases in Europe
Persistent infection by high-risk strains in >99% of cervical cancers
Prevention
Reducing risk of acquisition of genital HPVs
Barrier contraception
Number of sexual partners
Screening
Prevention of development of cervical abnormalities
Vaccines
quadri-valent vaccine (HPV4)
nona-valent (HPV9)
Screening
Pap test
Types of fungi
Moulds
Yeasts
Fungal infcetions
Localized superficial infections (e.g. skin)
Fungal skin infections
Dermatophytes
Tinea corporis (body)
Tinea manuum (hand)
Tinea cruris (groin)
Tinea pedis (athelete's foot)
Tinea unguium (onychomycosis)
Candida
Candidiasis
Others
Tricophyton
Found in soil
Transmission via contact with infected lesions
Multiple species
Epidermophyton
E.floccosum
Affects feet, nails, groin etc.
Spread by direct contact or via contaminated surfaces
Microsporum
M.canis
Infects cats
Sometimes humans & dogs
Body and scalp
Usually children
Malassezia species (yeast)
Very superficial infection of epidermidis
Deep-seated infections (e.g. lungs)
Systemic infections (e.g. bloodstream)
Invasive infections (e.g. Candida)
Opportunistic infections (immunocompromised patients)
Examination
Wood's light (UV-A)
Sample collection
Skin scrapings
Nail samples
Others (e.g. hair)
Sample examination
Microscopy
Culture
Treatment
Primary skin and nail infections
Topical &/or systemic antifungal treatment
Invasive infections
Systemic treatment (usually IV)
Often prolonged courses
Prevention
Hygiene
Care of companion animals
Attention to footwear
Keep clean and dry
Seek medical attention if fungal infection suspected