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What conditions are the most favourable for enzyme function? - Coggle…

- - - - 100% concentration
      - 50% concentration
      - 0% concentration
- - - - Conditions
        
        pH level
        
        In water
        
        As enzymes function optimally in a pH range from 5-9, the pH of water used should be approximately neutral. This is to ensure a high rate of reaction, and so the enzymes in the detergent do not denature.
        
        In detergent
        
        The alkalinity of a detergent is important because the fatty acids and oils in the alkaline environment become more soluble and therefore are removed better. (Andrews, 2018)
        
        Temperature
        
        If the water temperature was too high, the enzymes in the detergent will denature, making it unable to bind to the substrate (Stain). However, if the temperature was too low, the rate of enzyme activity in the detergent will decrease, therefore lowering the efficiency of removing the stain. The optimal temperature for enzyme activity in detergent ranges from 20-60°C. (Andrews, 2018)
      - Stain
        
        Type of base (oil or water)
        
        The complementary of material to stain base determines the cleaning ability of detergent as different materials react differently to different types of stain bases. (Andrews, 2018)
        
        Size/Volume
        
        The larger the size/volume of the stain, the more substrates there are for enzymes in detergent to bind to. This will decrease the rate of enzyme activity, as compared to a smaller stain. (Andrews, 2018)
      - Material
        
        Hydrophilic (absorbent) or hydrophobic (not absorbent): High absorbency means that the fabric will absorb water-based stains, while synthetic fabrics like polyester are more resistant to water-based stains,but will absorb oil and grease stains. (Andrews, 2018)
      - Detergent
        
        Dilution: The concentration of enzymes in detergent determines the efficiency on removing a stain as the higher the concentration, the more enzymes there are to bind to the substrate, thus removing the stain. (Jain, 2020)