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Addison's Disease - Coggle Diagram
Addison's Disease
Pathogenesis
Characterized by damage to the Adrenal Cortex causing insufficient secretion of Cortisol and Aldosterone. Damage occurs to the outer layer of the Adrenal Cortex.
The Hypothalamus releases CRH which acts to stimulate the pituitary gland to release ACTH. After ACTH is released, it will stimulate the release of cortisol.
Insufficient secretion of Cortisol and Aldosterone will cause Adrenocorticotropic hormone and Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone to become elevated.
Thought to be triggered by unknown environmental factors in individuals who are already prone to the disease.
Any damage to the Adrenal Cortex has the ability to cause primary Adrenal Insufficiency, also known as, Addison's Disease.
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The Adrenal insufficiency associated with Addison's disease can be classified as primary or secondary.
Primary insufficiency occurs when there is a deficiency of both cortisol and aldosterone and is autoimmune mediated.
Chronic glucocorticoid use that causes hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (leading to a deficiency in only cortisol).
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Prevalence
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Around 1 in 100,000 people in the United States have diagnosed Addison's Disease.
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Many cases go undiagnosed, so actual prevalence may be higher than reported.
Risk Factors
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Chronic Infections such as Tuberculosis, HIV, and AIDs.
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Diagnostics
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Blood test to test potassium, aldosterone, cortisol and ACTH levels.
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Abdominal CT scan may be performed to show calcification, enlargement, or atrophy.
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