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Speaking - Coggle Diagram
Speaking
Speaking Sequences
Example 4: 1. Practicing in translating from one language to another 2. It forces students to think carefully about what they are saying 3. Translation is natural & useful
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Example 6: 1. Reassemble a story by communicating with each other 2. Storytelling is useful for human qualities & purposeful repetition 3. Story reconstruction
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Example 8: 1. Able to analyze and perform a drama scene 2. Performing a playscript can gain great confidence in speaking ability 3. Students concentrate on details of how language should sound
Example 2: 1. Able to talk freely about any topic 2. Improvisation games develop confidence in speaking
Example 10: 1. Debate on serious topics & practice giving coherent arguments 2. Participants present clear & coherent arguments
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Example 9: 1. For effective discussion, students need time to think about what they are going to say 2. Opportunity to activate schemata 3. They need time to gather their thoughts & put them in order
Spoken Language
Spoken English Grammar
- Ellipsis is common feature of speech 2. Use grammar in speech which is unacceptable in writing 3. Spoken grammar is different for particular varieties of English 4. Passive knowledge approach
Listenership
- Interaction between speakers & listeners 2. Be a good listener with body movements, eye contact & short phrases 3. Give them the sign that you are engaged or disengaged
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Discussion: Formal, informal, staged events, small group interactions
Formal debates
- Preparation is the key ingredient
Unplanned discussion
- Productive speaking in long classes
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Reaching a consensus
- Provide activity which forces to reach a discussion 2. Choose between specific alternatives
Speaking Activity Types
Acting from scripts
Playscripts
- It should be treated as real acting 2. Acting is both a learning and language producing activity 3. Drama helps to build student confidence 4. Contextualize language, develop student's empathy 5. It practices gesture, facial expression, eye contact movement
Dialogues
- Exaggerate intonation & gesture 2. Give time to work on the dialogues 3. Make dialogues natural by extending
Communication Games
- Information gap games 2. Television & radio games 3. Good fluency activities
Simulation & Role-play
- It encourage general oral fluency 2. It train students for specific situations 3. They should be given background information of the situation to function properly 4. They should be aware about the situation 5. Role-plays such as planning meetings, T.V topical debate shows and public protest meetings are easy to perform in the classroom
- Write questions you might ask someone when you meet them for the first time 7. Imaginative interview role-plays based around people in dramatic photographs 8. They are fun & motivating 9. Hesitant students become more forthright in their opinions and behavior 10. It uses a much wider range of language
Making Recordings
- Camera / microphone can become a central learning aid 2. Use wide variety of language & multimedia skills 3. Upload of videos & audios on blogs and websites 4. Analyze the language of news broadcasts 5. They use special formats & recognizable long patterns
- Analyze, perform & film a drama scene 7. They should plan & film their own versions of the conversation 8. Expand or adapt a text 9. It involves discussion about acting, direction and focus on the text
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Speaking Repetition
- How to speak well by reciting poems and speeches 2. Recording of students and transcribing it 3. Chance to try language out 4. Refine what they are saying
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Questionnaires
- Questioner and respondent should have something to say to each other 2. Teacher act as a resource, helping them in design process 3. Design on any appropriate topic 4. It forms the basis for written work, discussions or prepared talks
Storytelling
- Vital part of language user's abilities 2. It is highly motivating 3. This skill is possessed by everyone 4. It is not unnatural as the other language learning activities 5. Telling & retelling of stories is the major characteristic in real life