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The Reinassance - The Elizabethan Age - Coggle Diagram
The Reinassance - The Elizabethan Age
HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL BACKGROUND
1485 Hnery VII
coronation marked the
end of the War of the Roses and the beginning of the Tudor dynasty
.
-
laws for domestic industry and new commerce of English wool;
-creation of mercantile fleet
-improvement of the royal navy
Henry VIII
was the perfect Reinassance monarch, good governor and cultured man.
English Reformation
(separation between the Church of England and and the Roman Catholic Church). Personal reasons (the Pope's refuses to annul his marriage with
Catherine of Aragon
who had born a daughter.
Mary
, instead of a male heir) the king's intolerance towards the Pope's authority.
Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canerbury
, annuleled Henry's marriage and crowned
Anne Boleyn
Queen of England. Hnery VIII caused also
the dissolution of the monasteries and the divulgation of the Bible in English
.
Edward VI
succeded Henry VIII when he was only nine.
Act of Uniformity
(English liturgy -
The Book of Common Prayer)
Mary I Tudor (Catholic)
she married the
Catholic Philip II
of Spain and attempted to reintroduce Catholic religion. She was known ad
Bloody Mary
for the persecution against protestants..
Elizabeth I
(daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn). She was a brilliant monarch. She reintroduced the
Protestant
religion and consolidated the
Anglican Church
. Childless and unmarried she was known as the
Virgin Queen
. The absent of a Tudor heir was a constant concern for the Parliament who want to guarantee a Protestant succession.
Mary Stuart
, direct heir of Henry VII, was the major
Catholic
pretender to the throne. She was kept prisoner by Elizabeth for 19 years.
Invicible armada vs English navy
. English won the battle.
James VI
(Protestant son of Mary Stuart): -
enclosures - the Poor Law - new social classes (trade and merchant) - the slave trade
CULTURAL AND LITERARY BACKGROUND
the great chain of being
: the universe is a interloking hierarchical structure ordained by God. Physical matter (earth, water, air, fire) human personality depend on the mixture of these elements.
macrocosm-microcosm
analogy, man as a microcosm and universe ad macrocosm
the king's two bodies
: natural body (die) political body is transmitted.
cosmic dance
: the earth is at the universe centre..
Copernican revolution
: heliocentric system
Humanism
: recovery of Classics, Latin adn Greek ideals.
increasing interest in translation
the influence of Italian cultural models
the birth of literary genres
.
REINASSANCE POETRY
Early Tudor Poetry
:
John Skelton
Alexander Barclay
Stephen Hawes
Courtly Poets:
Thomas Wyatt
(Petrarch's sonnet transaltion - two quatrains and two triplets but different rhyming scheme)
Henry Howard
. Earl of Surrey (he established the pattern which became the standard English model three quatrains and a final couplet abab cdcd efef gg)
Philip Sydney
: poet od the Elizabethan period; he travelled around Itlay; contributed to the development of the English sonnet.
The Defence of Poesy
( a treatise nobility and social validity of poetry, didactic function of poetry, poet as a prophet)
Astrophil and Stella:
a sonnet cycle compose of 108 sonnets and 11 songs (similar to Petrarch's Il Canzoniere). Love relationship - most famous Sonnet 45.
William Shakespeare:
154 Sonnets - 14-line structure three quatrains an a couplet abab cdcd efef gg.
Shakespeare's sonnets can be divided into three parts:
126
first sonnets adressed to a Fair youth (Earl of Southampton) - a relationship rmantic/intimacy/ platonic
26
sonnets to a Dark Lady, passioanate love for a mysterious woman (dark physical forces vs. platonic love for the youth)
-
2
sonnets stories of Cupid and the loss of his brand, thus palying with erotic theme.
Sonnet 20 (explicit references to homosexuality) and Sonnet 130 (physical imperfections of the Dark lady but he love her)
Two narratives poems dedicated to the Earl of Southampton:
*Venus and Adonis
The Rape of Lucrece
Edmund Spencer
ELIZABETHAN DRAMA
Early Drama
Comedy
Tragedy
Christopher Marlowe
SIXTEENTH CENTURY PROSE WRITING
Humanism: Thomas More
Religious Prose Writing: William Tyndale and Miles Coverdale
Educational Prose writing: Roger Ascham, Thomas Elyot and Thomas Hoby
Elizabethan Prose Fiction
Travel Writing: Samuel Purchas and Walter Raleigh