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The armed peace in Europe
The armed peace in Europe
The period between the years 1870 and 1914 was called Armed Peace, the reason to call it like that was because although there was peace, tension between the European countries was growing
During this period countries were dedicating a large part of their production to manufacturing weapon
The importance of the German Empire
During this period, There were two phases of German foreign policy
The Bismarckian system (1871–1890)
Wilhem I, who was the German emperor used diplomacy to maintain the balance of power between European countries
Otto von Bismarck, who was the chancellor established a system of alliances
This alliances were formed along with with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Russian Empire and Italy
The objectives of these alliances were
To maintain Germany hegemony in Europe so that the only concern for the other European countries is to maintain friendly relations with Germany
To prevent France from declaring war on Germany to recover Alsace-Lorraine, lost during the Franco-Prussian War from 1870 to 1871
The Bismarian system succeeded on avoiding conflict in Europe for 20 years
During this time the armed race happened, which was the building of armies among the European powers
The other European countries had to build up their armies in case of war not to be weaker than Germany
Bismarck strengthen the German army in order to have peace
The Bismarckian system
The second system:
It happened between 1879 and 1882 when they signed various treaties
1881
They re-signed the Alliance of the three emperors
Problems started to reappear between Russia and Austria
1882
the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
1879
The secret Double Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary
The third system:
The Triple Alliance was renewed between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in 1887
It was also signed the Reinsurance Treaty which was a secret alliance between Russia and Germany
In this treaty both countries promised to remain neutral if either went to war against another country
The first system:
the Three Emperors' League was signed by Wilhelm I of Germany, Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary and Tsar Alexander II of Russia in the year 1872
It didn't succeed due to the rivalry between Austria-Hungary and Russia over the Balkans
The expansionist foreign policy of Wilhelm II (1890–1914)
All the systems of alliances were changed when Kaiser Wilhelm II came to the throne, establishing an expansionist policy
The new policy focused on obtaining a colonial empire that demonstrated Germany's growing economic power
Bismarck did not agree with Wilhem II on the expansionist policy and resigned from his position in 1890
Wilhem II did not renew the Reinsurance Treaty because he thought that France and Russia would ally, however, the opposite happened when France and Russia allied due to France's economic investment in Russian industry
the political power of Wilhelm II caused worry in France and Great Britain so they Triple Entente (1907) with Russia
After the unification of Germany in the year 1871, it became the most important European power, economically and millitary speaking
