Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
MECHANISMS, Orangután saludando - Coggle Diagram
MECHANISMS
We can clasify mechanisms in the following way.
Controling and regulating motion
The most typical mechanism of this type is the ratchet, which allows rotauon in one direction but impedes it in the opposite direction, as you can see in the diagram
Band brakes.
Drum brakes.
Disc brakes.
Joining elements
Clutches are mechanisms that allow axles or shafts to be connected
or separated
Fixed conections
Movable conections
Transforming motion
Rotary to linear
Rack and pinion system.
This uses a pinion that is a small cogwheel, mounted on a rack that is a
toothed belt or bar
Winch and crank handle.
A winch and crank handle system consists of a drum that rotates and a crank handle that allows to pull or lift obiects.
Rotary to reciprocating
Crank-link-slider
This is composed of a crank and a rod called a connecting rod or link
Crankshaft
This is a set of connecting rods attached to a jointed axle. Each of the
ioints of the axle acts as a crank.
Cam
This is basically a rotating object that pushes a follower as it moves
Eccentric cam
This consists of a wheel with an off-centre rotation axle that doesn't coincide with the centre of its circumference.
Storing energy
Springs are devices that absorb energy This energy can be released
later, little by little or all at once.
Traction.
Torsion.
Compression.
Transmitting motion.
Linear
Levers
A lever is a rigid bar that is used wiith a point of support or a fulcrum. The mechanical force or effort is applied on one end of thelever, F, with the aim of counteracting the resistance or load, R which acts on the other end of the lever.
Class 1
The load and the effort are in opposite sides of the fulcrum.
The effect of the effort applied can be multiplied or reduced depending on where the fulcrum is in relation to the load.
Class 3
The effort is between the fulcrum and the load.
The effect of the effort is always reduced(d<r).
Class 2
The load is between the effort and the fulcrum.
The effect of the effort is always multiplied(d>r).
Pulleys
A pulley is a wheel with a groove used to lift objects. It can be fixed, moveable or compound.
Moveable pulleys.
A moveable pulley has two pulleys — one
is fixed while the other can move in a linear direction.
Compound pulleys.
This is a set of fixed and moveable pulleys, often called a block and tackle. If we use more pulleys it becomes more complex, but less effort is needed to move the load.
Fixed pulleys.
A fixed pulley is a wheel that has a groove for a rope to go round it. It rotates around an axle that is fixed to an inmovible surface. :
Pulleys with belts.
These are two pulleys that are a certain distance apart.
Their axles are parallels and they rotate simultaneously because of the belt.
The rotation of one axle is transmitted to the otherr via the connected pulleys.
The two pulleys rotate in the same direction.
Pulley trains with belts.
This is a system of pulleys with a belt.
There are two or more pulleys.
The rotary motion of axle 1 is transmitted to axle 2 via the stretched belt that connects them.
Pu lleys 2 and 3, attached to the same axle, rotate at the same velocity.
The motion of pulley 3 is transmitted to pulley 4 via the belt that
connects them. All the pulleys rotate in the same direction.
Rotary
These mechanisms transmit motion in a circular way, from the input to the output.
Friction drives.
Are made up of two or more wheels that are in contact.
The first wheel is called primary drive wheel. When it moves, it turns or drives thew second or output wheel, causing it to move as well.
The output wheel rotates in the opposite direction of the pimary wheel.
Pulleys with belt.
THey consist of two pulleys or drives that are acertain distance apart.
Gear mechanisms and cogwheels.
Cogwheels are sets of wheels that have teeth called cogs.
Worm gear.
This is a screw that moves a helical cogwheel that is set perpendicular
to the screw
Gear mechanisms with a chain.
These are two cogwheels with parallel axles that are a certain distance apart, they rotate simultaneously by means of a metal chain or a toothed belt stretched over both wheels.
Gear train.
This is a system of more than two gears, connected together as shown in
the diagram.
Pulley trains with belts.
It's a system of pulleys, or wheels, with a belt
formed by more than two wheels.
Supports
Bushings
In bushings the axle or the shaft is inserted in a plain circular piece that is placed inside a housing to provide a bearing surface.
Bearings.
Bearings are made up of two concentric rings with balls or rollers
between them.
Around us we can see many moving objects and mechanisms that produce movement that we can also call motion.
The most important element in all of them is the driving force that initiates the movement.
The driving force can be a spring, an electric motor or our own muscles.
The motion produced by a motor is produced and converted by thoose mechanisms to receiving elements such as wheels, clock hands and so on, so that they can do the job for which they were constructed.
Mechanisms are devices that transmit and convert forces and motion from a driving force or input element to an output element.
Orangután saludando
