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Left Wing Extremism in India - Coggle Diagram
Left Wing Extremism in India
Context
In the last eight years, there has been a historic success in curbing Left Wing Extremism violence and the credit for this goes to the CRPF.
In 2022, the number of deaths of civilians and security forces drastically reduced, with only 98 deaths as compared to 1005 deaths in 2010.
10 security personnel returning from a counter-insurgency operation and a civilian driver were killed by Maoists, in Chhattisgarh’s Dantewada.
Left vs. Right: Behind the debate
In politics, left refers to people and groups that have liberal views.
It support progressive reforms, especially those seeking greater social and economic equality.
The far left is often used for what is considered more extreme, revolutionary views, such as communism and socialism.
Collectively, people and groups, as well as the positions they hold, are referred to as the Left or the left wing.
Maoists vs Naxalists
Both trace their origin to the Naxalbari uprising of 1967.
Naxalite movement thrives on the original spirit of Naxalbari
Maoists work with an agenda and use weapons to achieve their aims
Naxalism focuses on mass organisations while the Maoism relies mainly on arms
The Maoist struggle is an outcome of the 1967 uprising
History and evolution
Russian Revolution:
It draws its ideological basis from the Russian revolution.
Overthrowing Tsarist Regime
: Lenin successfully fought through a combination of peasant movement and an armed struggle.
Marxian ideology of class struggle:
To bestow power in the hands of the exploited and marginalized
Neo-Marxism:
Intellectual class in many countries got inspired. Prominent amongst them were Fidel Castro and Mao Zedong
Root cause of origin in India
Tribal livelihood is at stake due to depletion of natural resource base.
Forceful displacement from their homeland destroys their traditional governance system.
Tribal communities have been systematically alienated from their traditional rights over natural resources
LWE outfits are supported by external forces inimical to India and the Maoists consider such alliances as strategic assets
Exploitation and harassment from government and corporate bodies targeting to extract forest resources
Other factors
Oppression and HR violations by Security Forces e.g. AFSPA
Violation of Constitutional Protections under PESA and FRA
Prevalence of Acute Poverty
Impact of LWE
Destruction of governance mechanism
After creating a political and governance vacuum, they coerce the local population to join the movement.
It glorifies violence as the primary means to overwhelm the existing socio-economic and political structures.
Many extremists have facilitated mass-mobilization in semi-urban and urban areas through ostensibly democratic
Romanticism in the name of class antagonism
Govt initiatives
Road Connectivity
Project for LWE affected areas (RRP-II)
Naxal Surrender Policy, National Policy Action Plan
HRD measures:
Building of schools under the Eklavya model.
SAMADHAN doctrine:
It encompasses the entire strategy of government from short-term policy to long-term policy formulated at different levels
Aspirational Districts:
The MHA has been tasked with the monitoring of the Aspirational districts programme in 35 LWE affected districts.
Way forward
Indian counterinsurgency has to work with a dual objective of defeating the insurgents militarily and fully quell the insurgent impulses.
This will need institutional overhauls
States must do more to synergize their efforts by launching coordinated operations
It is also important to segregate the population from the insurgents both operationally and ideologically
The conflict over the distribution of resources can be mended with economic development