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South Africa - Coggle Diagram

- - - - victory speech = clear that his policy would be about giving south africa back to Afrikaners
        
        created new parliamentary seats
        
        Removed coloured voters from electoral role
        
        Afrikanerized state institutions
        
        1961 : Republic of South Africa + left commonwealth
        
        196
        
        Hendrik Verwoerd Prime Minnister (pro white, appartheid...)
  - - - White
      - coloured
      - Indian
      - African "bantu"
  - - - Classified everyone according to their race
    - - 558 coloured became White
      - 15 whites became coloured
      - 79 blacks became coloured
      - No black became white
  - - - 67 killed
      - 186 wounded
      - state of emergency
        
        ppl arrested mostly blacks (nelson mandela)
        
        ANC abandons non-violence
        
        Umkonto we Sizwe (The spear of the nation)
        
        African Resistance Movement
        
        ANC :Le Congrès national africain (en anglais : African National Congress, abrégé en ANC) est un parti politique d’Afrique du Sud membre de l'Internationale socialiste. Fondé en 1912 à Bloemfontein3,4 pour défendre les intérêts de la majorité noire contre la minorité blanche, il fut déclaré hors-la-loi par le Parti national pendant l’apartheid en 1960.
  - - - 1979 legislated african trade unions COSATU (congress of south African Trade Unions)
      - 1983 UDF (United Democratic Front) against apartheid - 1000 delegates from 575 organisations
    - - House of Assembly : 178 White members
      - House of Representatives : 85 coloured
      - Hous of delegates : 45 Indians
      - President elected by 50 white, 25 coloured and 13 Indian members of Parliament
      - still no black people represented!
    - - 1983-4 : Bus Boycotts
      - Strikes
      - Sabotage
      - Attacks on Police
      - 1985 ; ANC aim to make townships ungovernable
    - - Ban on interracial sex and Marriage repealed
      - Pass Laws repealed
      - Some public facilities desegregated
    - - cold war coming to an end
      - American support for anti-apartheid movement
      - foreign condemnation of south african presence in namibia and Angola
- - - - botswana
      - south africa
      - namibia
      - cave painting
  - - - 1652: Jan Van Riebeeck
    - - 1653 : Arrival of first Slaves
      - 1658 : Slaves importad from Malaya
      - 1958 : Free Burghers ("free citizens")
      - 1688 :French Huguenots
    - - 1659-1730 Conflict with the Khoisan
        
        over cattle and land
        
        Khoi = organised rebelion
        
        San = isolated attacks
        
        1713 : smallpox epidemic
    - - 1807 : Abolition of the Slave Trade
      - 1820 : Arrival of British settlers at Algoa Bay
      - 1824: British traders settle in Durban
  - - - Convention of Sand River (transvaal)
      - Bloemfontein (Oragne free state)
- - - - Legislature
        
        National Assembly
        
        National council of provinces
      - Executive
        
        the president
      - Judiciary
        
        constitutional Court
        
        Supreme Court of Appeal
        
        High court
    - - National Assembly (mps elected for 5 years)
      - National Council of Provinces (each province sends 10 delegates for 5 years)
        
        6 permanent
        
        4 special
      - President (elected by the members of the national assembly)
      - presidents
        
        Mandela 94-99
        
        Thabo Mbeki 99-2008
        
        Kgalema Molanthe 2008-2009
        
        Javob Zuma 2009-2018 (contested, threat to democratic system, rape...)
        
        Cyril Ramaphosa 2017 president of ANC, 2018 President of south africa
    - - ANC AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (dominated by Nguni people Xhosa, Zulu, Swazi
      - Democratic Alliance
        
        centre
        
        Leader Mmusi Maimane
        
        Majority on the western cape
      - Economic Freedom Fighters (Julius Malema)
        
        revolutionary left wing party
      - Inkatha Freedom Party (Mangosuthu Buthelezi)
      - Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (no seats in parliament)
        
        extreme right wing party
        
        Steyn van Ronge and Eugene Terre'Blanche
        
        found 1973
  - - - 77% of world's supply of Platinum
      - 90% of world's reserve of Platinum
    - - Farming very not important 2% GDP
      - Manufacturing 15% GDP
      - Tourism 3% but jobs increasing
      - Service sector 68% GDP
    - - 1998 Employment Equality Act
      - 2003 Black Economic Empowerment
      - Policy of affirmative action
      - Some people have benefited but accusations of Favouring Xhosa ppl, Inefficiency, Not appointing the most competent person
  - - - 1 million houses in 5 yrs
      - Redistribute 30% of Land
      - 10 years free compulsory education for all
      - Free medical care for children under 6 and their mothers
      - Failed promises poverty, inequality...
    - - Million houses scheme (over 5 million houses built )
      - Electricity : most ppl have electricity but don't pay
      - Water 9 out of 10 have access to running water, 94% have access to clean drinking water
    - - 20% of GDP
      - Government biggest budget item
      - Quality of schools variable
      - 27% of 11 years old illiterate
      - 2013 : ranked 146/148 for the quality of general education
    - - thabo mbeki (hiv does not cause aids)
      - Manto Tshabalala-Msimang (diet of garlic, olive oil and lemon)
      - Life expectancy in 2007 = 42.45 years
- - - - namibia
      - botswana
      - zimbabwe
      - swaziland
      - mozambique
    - - Western Cape
        
        Very south
        
        occupies 10% of the country
        
        population of 6million ppl
        
        grew 29% between 2006 and 2011
      - Northern Cape
        
        1/3 of area
        
        least densly populated province (1million, 2% of pop)
        
        largest
      - eastern Cape
        
        2nd largest
        
        6.5million
      - KwaZulu-Natal
        
        10million ppl , 10% pop, 2nd most densly populated
      - Gauteng
        
        smallest
        
        12million
        
        most densly pop
        
        1milion ppl moved here last decade
        
        44% ppl living born somewhere else
        
        Johannesberg and Pretoria
      - Limpopo , Mapalnga... Rural
    - - The Cape
        
        mide mediteranean type of climate
        
        4 distinc seasons
        
        regular rainfall throughout the year
      - KwaZulu-Natal
        
        tropical
      - Gauteng and Free State > continental climate. Gauteng rain only 6month a year
      - Namib deser > arid place
      - Reliaf > height above sea level > little influence on where ppl live
        
        interior of country flat plateau but separated from the sea by mountains
        
        Drakensberg Mountains
        
        Mafadi (3450 m ) highest
        
        flat tops "table mountain"
        
        arid : Karoo, Kalahari Desert (far noth west
  - - - The Nguni (compromising the Zulu, Xhosa, Ndebele and Swazi people)
        
        Xhosa lived in villages in Kraal
        
        origins : great Lakes Area (Burundi, Rwanda)
        
        Migrated south in the 17th and 18 th centuries
      - The Sotho-Tswana (include the southern, northern and western Sotho and the Tswana people
      - the Tsonga
      - The Venda
    - - Afrikaners (desendant of Dutch colonisers)
      - English-speakers (descendants of British colonisers)
      - Immigrants and descendants of immigrants from the rest of Europe (includes greeks, portuguese, Eastern European Jews, Hungarians and Germans)
    - - Brought by the English from India in the 19th century to work on sugar plantations in Na
    - - Afrikaans 13.5%
      - English 9.6% (off language still)
      - IsiZulu 22%