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Nuclear Weapons - Coggle Diagram
Nuclear Weapons
North Korea
Apart of proliferation issue
have small arsenal
Newest member of nuclear club
has tested their weapons
Problem:
Constant negotiation and flaring up from DPRK
Six-party talk
DPRK
Disassembly of nuclear facilities that can make bomb grade plutonium and nuclear bomb materials
started up its weapons program when there was American military presence on the peninsula
US
will remove DPRK from:
some provisions of American Trading with the Enemy Act
US State Department's list of terrorist states and axis of Evil
May 1992 inspection of North Korea Nuclear facilities
conclusion: DPRK might be in nuclear activities
The Framework Agreement
December 2002
DPRK
Retreat from NPT
December 2006: became a nuclear weapons state
US cut off the flow of heat oil to NK and terminated the Frameworl agreement
both deterrence failed
Questions:
What would keep DPRK from using their weapons?
DPRK threatens US of an attack
North Korea
freeze and dismantle nuclear program under International Atomic Energy Agency supervision
replace weapons grade materials producing nuclear reactor with lighter water reactors
China
Depends on China:
gives large amount of foreign assistance
North Koreans work in Chinese factories
trading (~85%)
maintain standard of living
Support: a independent North Korea
Wants another communist country in the region
Disapproves of: DPRK nuclear program
Iran
problem
has knowledge and tech for the weapons
different foreign policy to the US
denies interest in nuclear weapons (building and using them)
had past proliferation ambitions
A current acquisition problem
Agreement in 2015 with the 5+1 powers
agreement:
abjured any right to build nuclear weapons
agreed international inspection of its nuclear facilites
Not trusted by some Americans and Israel
Concepts
Nuclear Proliferation
Problem
discriminating to targeted countries
Targeted countries are seen as less responsible
Wants to limit possession of Nuclear weapons to countries who don't have it
3 questions:
What can be done about it?
Why is it a problem?
there is no knowledge os the capabilities of those who possess it
More countries = higher chance of nuclear war starting
N + 1 Problem
def: problem of the spread of nuclear weapons to non-possessors
N is the number of states that currently have nuclear weapons
Current members
2 more items...
"+ 1" is the addition of another state
potential proliferators
1 more item...
Seen as the problem
Seen as a private club
Irony
1 more item...
What is the nature of the problem?
Purpose
To stop spread of nuclear weapons
Concerns of possession:
kind of countries that were attempting to proliferate
The process how proliferation can happen and what can be done to prevent it
limit the size of destruction
Times Changing
Cold War solution: Deterrence
Past Problem:
it was between states with very large arsenals
large possession vs large possession will result in large destruction of both sides
today:
policies changing
arsenal changes
Smaller than the past
Dealing with proliferation
acquisition (front end) deterrence
Purpose: stop states from obtain weapons in the first place
1 more item...
employment (back end) deterrence
Purpose: if prevention fails, then make efforts to stop them from using it
2 methods:
2 more items...
Types:
Vertical
the impact of more weapons a nuclear state may gain
Concerns:
more increments add to the potential dead-lines of confrontation
Can start an arms race that will cause one side to build more than the other
This makes an unbalance
Purpose of Controlling Vertical
reducing current levels of arms
Traditional way to deal with proliferation
Horizontal
the spread of nuclear weapons to states that currently do not possess them
Usually referenced
Cold War Concepts
Proliferation is a concept from the cold war
To stop spread of nuclear weapons
How to solve deal with problem
Deterrence
Vertical Proliferation control attempts
By USSR and US
Strategic Arms Limitations Talks
Strategic Arms Reduction Talks
Production
Problem
Easy and has 2 parts
the knowledge to make a nuclear device
Nuclear physics is taught openly and widely available
having adequate supplies of weapons-grade isotopes of uranium/plutonium
access to it is highly restricted and protected
Efforts are made to denying access to potential proliferators