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Ecology of the Peer Group - Coggle Diagram
Ecology of the Peer Group
Affects
Psychological Development (emotions): by meeting needs of belonging and social interaction as well as promoting a sense of self and personal identity.
Social Development (competence and conformity): by providing opportunities for comparisons with others, by providing opportunities for independence from adults, and allowing children to "learn by doing"
Cognitive Development (social competence and conformity): by enabling understanding about people, the self, relations between people, social groups' roles and rules, and the relation of such conceptions to social behavior.
System Influence
Macrosystem: enable children to accomplish certain developmental tasks: getting along with others, developing morals and values, learning appropriate sociocultural roles (including gender roles, sex education, and sexual activity), and achieving personal independence and identity.
Chronosystem: influences over time in that play/activities have cognitive, social, psychological, and adaptive functions for adult life.
Mesosystem: emerge from links with adults in the groups structured by adults, unlike those structured by children, provide values, rules, leadership and mediation.
Socializing Mechanisms
reinforcement (approval and acceptance)
modeling
punishment (rejection and exclusion)
punishment (rejection and exclusion)
Behavior
Antisocial gang behavior occurs in the peer groups whose members lack family support and live in poor, unsupportive neighborhoods.
Prosocial behavior in peer groups includes peer collaboration, tutoring, and couseling.
Sociometry
definition: techniques used to measure patterns of acceptance, necglect, and rejection among members of a group.
Acceptance: can depend on several factors like willingness to cooperate and intect positively with others, physical and intellectual factors.
Neglected/Rejected: could be caused by shyness, lack of social skills, antisocial behavior, ot prejudice on the part of the group. Other possibilities:
Peer Group Dynamics
Clique Inclusionary Techniques: recruitment, doing nice things for clique members
Clique Exclusionary Techniques: teasing, picking on, being mean to those outside the clique.
Bullying: being exposed repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other students.