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Formation of Urban Spatial Structures: Markets versus Design, Almendra…
Formation of Urban Spatial Structures: Markets versus Design
Household
The larger the area of land consumed per househols and per worker, the longer will be the commuting distance between firms and households.
Different transport tecnologies imply different commuting speeds and commuting costs and therefore make distance an imperfect proxy for labor market efficiency.
The Role of Markets and Design in Shaping Cities in Market Economies
In market economies, the combined effect of market forces and deliberate goverment design generates urban spatial structures.
Markets as Urban-Shape Creators
Markets create a blind mechanism that produces and constantly
modifies urban shapes.
Markets shape cities through
land prices.
Tall buildings
= where land prices are high and low concentrations.
Short Buildings
= Where land prices are low.
Markets and the Price of Urban Transport
Markets
generate different
land prices
for
each location in a city.
In most cities, the price of land is ussually the highest in the central part, because workers and consumers can travel to it in the shortest time and at least cost.
By acommodating more
people
and jobs in the area, it end up resulting in
very high populatión and job densities.
The Ratio between land and Floor Space in Different Locations
The spatial expansion of cities requires land, but the final product of urbanization is floor space, not land.
Floor space =
is the sum of the area built on land, whether public or private.
When
price of land is high
, developers can decrease the area of land that they use to
produce area of floor space by building taller buildings.
The Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
Markets React to Exogenous Factors That Planners Cannot Anticipate
Changing exogenous forces are constantly modifying the market's equilibrium, and as a result urban shapes and land uses created by the market constantly evolce as well.
Lower rents, triggers a demand for rapid land use change.
Markets often occure well before urban planners could possibly be aware of the change in demand.
Global macroeconomic events, shifts in consumer demand.
Markets create new types of land use and make others obcolete.
Land recycling
= positive for the long-term welfare of the population.
The Role of Markets in Historical Preservation
Historical preservation for which urban managers might want to prevent land recycling caused by market forces.
Historical heritage buildings are fossil buldings produced by ancient market forces.
Preserve
high-quality buildings
rather than a specific type of land use.
Change
in the
use
of the
floor space
.
Preservation.
Design Complements Markets in Shaping Cities
Markets are olny effective when land and building transactions are taking place at regular intervals.
Designed shapes
Urban land supply
Transforming land use
Setting the
quality of land
and
floor space.
Planners can influence consumption by using markets, not by imposing norms
Planners should not just passively monitor markets
To be concerned by very low
housing consumptio among lower-income households
and should act to increase it.
The use of market mechanisms.
Cut supply bottlenecks.
Monitor demand through the evolution of land prices and rent.
Almendra Teycalco García García - A01746426