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theme b (unit 2) - Coggle Diagram
theme b (unit 2)
Causes of urban growth
Although the process of urbanisation happens in both MEDCs and LEDCs, the fastest-growing cities in the world are in LEDCs.
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A lack of employment opportunities in the countryside. Overpopulation and poor crop yields are all push factors which explain why people leave the countryside.
Better paid jobs in the cities, an expected higher standard of living, and more reliable food are all pull factors which explain why people are attracted to the city.
People who migrate to towns and cities tend to be young and so these locations have higher birth rates in that age range.
Better medical services in towns and cities compared to the countryside mean more successful births and a better life expectancy in these areas.
There are many problems associated with the rapid growth. These include unplanned housing (squatter settlements/shanty towns), dealing with urban waste, pollution and stress on the infrastructure and the city's services.
titanic quarter
employment
Since 2006, Titanic Quarter has attracted over 100 national and international companies creating around 6,000 jobs. Some firms include Citi, Microsoft, and HBO.
Titanic Studios has become one of Europe’s largest film studios enticing such productions as Game of Thrones. Along with film-making, many people from the creative industries have been employed on these productions.
transport
Titanic Quarter is a short drive from the main motorways and George Best International airport. It is serviced by a range of public transport links including train and bus. It is also only a 20-minute walk from the city centre.
The original vision was that residents would not need cars. At present, the services that would make this possible have not all arrived yet. There still is no access to health care, primary or secondary schools or large supermarkets.
Recent plans to build the ‘Belfast Rapid transit’ are under way to connect West Belfast, East Belfast and Titanic Quarter via the city centre. Initially this was going to be serviced by an electric tram but a fleet of modern, high capacity buses will be used instead.
housing
The initial plan was for 5,000 dwellings to be built – mostly apartments and townhouses to accommodate about 20,000 people.
At present only 474 luxury apartments have been built. The main reason for this was that the Northern Irish housing market collapsed just as the accommodation was being launched.
education
Education also plays an important part of creating the people who will be able to fill the jobs required for the future.
The Belfast Metropolitan College has built a brand new centre for excellence that can provide a wide range of courses for 5,000 full time and 10,000 part time students.
environment
From the outset the plan was that a polluted, derelict expanse of land on the edge of Belfast would be regenerated into a modern, attractive space.
Soil remediation was carried out to ensure that land that had been polluted due to years of industrial pollution from shipbuilding was restored.
The plans for the area were to ensure that a modern, energetic feel was built into the plans for the new space – with piazzas and urban spaces being left so that people had a sense of open air spaces.
The developers of Titanic Quarter have been committed to ensure that waste is reduced as much as possible and that recycling is a major priority.
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In the future, it is hoped that further green technologies will be explored to increase the amount of energy from alternative sources.
tourism
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In 2017, it was estimated that the museum has generated over £105 million in additional tourism spending for the NI economy from 2012 – 2015.
Titanic Belfast, HMS Caroline and SS Nomadic have put this part of Belfast on the European tourism map.
urban land use in MEDC's
inner city
large houses are divided up to make smaller flats, often for students
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some buildings a re old, dilapidated and boarded up awaiting redevelopment
suburbs
mainly housing, with some light industry and shopping
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rural urban fringe
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space available for a golf course, waste recycling centre, hospital or airport
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shanty town areas
location
in general
cheap land, edge of city, next to main roads, steep slopes, marshly land
in kolkata
city centre- older slums
near factories and main road and along canals such as jagarani
vacant land especially east of the city
why?
old buildings become derelict
build houses near factories for jobs, or roads for buses
cheap unwanted, less likely to bulldozed
characteristics
in general
poorly constructed often using scrap wood or corrugated iron, crowded iron, crowded, few facilities, no street plan no sewage facilities
in kolkata
defined as unfit for human habitation. in registered bustees people have the right to live there and slightly better conditions
crowded
water supply and sanition shared between many households
average earnings 7-24 pound per month 75% of inhabitants are below the poverty line
why?
low wages mean people cannot afford normal houses
built by occupiers, quickly to meet urgent needs no planning permission electricity and water may only be provided years after building
85 percent of shanty town residents have no sewage disposal, 22 percent have no steady income
growth
in kolkata
shanty towns have existed for 150 years
now growing rapidly in number, they increased by 32 percent from 1981 to 1991, reaching 5500 by 2001.
now about 4 million people live in them 30% of the city population
why?
pull factors- job prospects in city
push factors- mechanisation in farming means people loses jobs in the country side
people cannot afford to buy houses or pay expensive rent, so they move to a shanty town, where they may rent or build
in general
slow growth over a long period of time, more rapid growth recently
charactistics
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Infrastructure - services are poor, public transport is limited and connections to the electricity supply can be limited and sometimes dangerous.