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Ricky Garcia-Period 7 Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Ricky Garcia-Period 7 Respiratory System
Internal vs. External respiration
inspiration- Air moves from high to low pressure, When pressure inside lungs decreases below atmospheric pressure, air flows in from the atmosphere, this is what happened during inspiration.
Expiration- The Diaphragm recoils, and the chest wall is pulled inward, This increases surface tension in the alveoli which decreases their volume. This causes Air to Rush out of the lungs into the atmosphere.
Respiratory volumes and capacities
Inspiratory Reserve Volume- Volume of air that can be inhaled in addition to the Tidal Volume, during forced inspiration; average is ~3,000mL
Expiratory Reserve Volume- Volume of Air that can be exhaled during a maximal forced expiration, beyond tidal volume; average is ~1,200mL
Tidal Volume- Volume of Air that enters or leaves lungs during one respiratory cycle ~500mL
Residual Volume- Volume of Air that Remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration; Average is ~1,200, can't be measured with a spirometer.
Spirometry- The Study of air volumes that move in and out of lungs.
Major Functions of the Respiratory System
The Respiratory system is responsible for the exchange process of gas in between the atmosphere and cells.
Its also in charge of Ventilation/ Breathing.
The body intakes air and exhales air.
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Pneumonia- Bacterial viral infection of the lungs.
Lung Cancer- uncontrolled cell growth tumors in the lungs.
Tuberculosis- infection in the Respiratory which causes weight loss, Chest pain, and Swollen lymph Nodes.
Seasonal Flu- Viral infection that changes Rapidly.
COPD(Chronic Pulmonary Disorder)- Chronic coughing.
volume and pressure relationships in Thoracic Cavity
Since there's always a slight amount of pressure within the thoracic cavity that keeps the lungs open, During Inhalation, the volume inside increases when the diaphragm contracts and decreases when the diaphragm relaxes.
Compare and Contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration.
Inspiration- The Diaphragm contracts which creates pressure in the body to intake air instead of releasing it, almost like a vacuum.
Expiration- The Diaphragm relaxes as air is intake and carbon dioxide is released.
layers of the Pleurae
visceral Pleura- Inner layer; attaches to the surface of each lung.
parietal Pleura- Outer layer; Lines the thoracic cavity.
Serous Fluid- Lubricates the Pleural cavity between the two layers.
Lower Respiratory structures and functions
Larnyx, Trachea, Bronchial tree, and Lungs
Trachea (Wind pipe)- Splits into right and left primary bronchi. Goblet cells produce mucus that traps particles. Cilia sweeps mucus towards pharynx where it s swallowed.
Bronchial Tree- Consists of 3 bronchi which all lead into different lobes of a lung.
Larynx- Enlargment in the airway. Transports air in and out of trachea. Houses the Vocal cords. Also helps keep particles from entering the Trachea.
Lungs- Soft and spongy cone shaped organs of the respitory system. Intake the air brought through the windpipe and bronchi which tightens the diaphragm during inhalation, When we exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and carbon dioxide is released out of the body.
Upper respiratory structures and Functions
Nose, Nasal Cavity, sinuses, and the pharynx
Nasal Cavity-Supports mucous membranes and increases surface area to warm,moisturize, and filter incoming Air into the lungs.
Sinuses- Air filled spaces, Reduces the weight of the skull, serves as a resonant chamber for the voice.
Nose- Entrance and Exit for Air, Contains coarse hairs which prevent entry of particles.
Pharynx (Throat)- passageway for Air and food from nasal cavities. helps in producing sounds for speech.