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ZANDER Acids and Bases, 21.1 and 21.2 - Coggle Diagram
ZANDER Acids and Bases
Bases-(21.2) Aqueous solutions, conduct electricity, bitter taste, change the color of indicators, they don't react with metals, they react with acids to produce salt and water.
Acids(21.1)- conduct electricity, have a sour taste, Change the color of acid-base indicators, react with active metals, and they react with bases to produce a salt compound and water.
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21.8
Notes
Water self-ionization (the process by which water ionizes into hydronium ions and hydroxide ions) occurs only in extremely small amounts. When two water molecules collide, a hydrogen !ion can be transferred from one molecule to the other. A positively charged hydronium ion and a negatively charged hydroxide ion are the end products.
This is. a car battery. Inside of this, there is sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is dangerous so the batteries are now sealed to protect people. Due to the fact of the acids dangerous nature, you should not cut into a battery to see what it looks like. If you do, you may experience some acid burns.
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videos
Step 1: List the known values and plan the problem.
Step 2: Solve the problem
Step 3: Think about your result.
Summary
The process of water self-ionization is discussed, along with an ionization constant for the process.
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Reveiw
What is an acidic solution?
acidic solution is any aqueous solution which has a pH < 7.0 ([H +] > 1.0 x 10 -7 M). Contains more H+ than OH-.
What is a basic solution? A basic solution is an aqueous solution containing more OH - ions than H + ions.
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21.9 pH
Notes
Because the quantities are typically quite small, expressing the acidity of a solution using the molarity of the hydrogen ion is laborious. Sren Srenson (1868-1939), a Danish scientist, proposed the pH scale as a simpler mechanism for showing H+ concentrations. The hydrogen ion's power is represented by the letters pH. The negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration determines the pH of a solution.
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Video
Acids and Bases Fundementals 
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Review
What is one value of using pH instead of molar concentrations?Calculate the pH by using the pH to H + formula pH=-log [H +] Using the pH scale doesn't take as long as using the molartiy of the H+ ion.
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If a material has a pH of 9.3, is it acidic or basic? If a material has a pH of it is 9.3, it is basic.
pH not Ph
21.17
Notes
The mole ratio of acid to base in the neutralization of hydrochloric acid by sodium hydroxide is
1:1.
HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)
One mole of NaOH neutralizes one mole of HCl completely. The mole ratio would be 2:1 if the hydrochloric acid was treated with barium hydroxide instead.
In this case you would need to add 2 moles of.HCL. The number of moles of H+=OH-=Nuetrilization reaction. Called equivalence point
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Review
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What is the glass tube called that contains the known concentration of sodium hydroxide?A buret (sometimes spelled burette
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21.18 tritiation calculations
You need to make sure you are using your OWN words when taking notes, otherwise, the mind nap just becomes a cut/paste exercise that does not help your learning. Mind maps are a powerful tool when properly used.
Review
What assumption is made about the amounts of materials at the neutral point?The moles of acid equal the moles of base.
What is different about the calculation using sulfuric acid?There are two protons to neutralize in a molecule of sulfuric acid.
Why is the mole ratio important?We need to know how many moles of acid are involved in the reaction so that there is neutralization.
Vid
All titrations begin with a balanced equation. In the video, phenophaline is the indicator. It turns pink in a basic solution and stays clear in an acidic. Goals for the experiment are, Record your final volume, subtract your initial volume, and and determine your number of added mL of base.
Notes
In a neutralization, the moles of acid and base are equal at the equivalence point, moles acid=moles base. t a solution's molarity (M) is equal to the moles of the solute divided by the liters of solution (L). So the molarity of a solution multiplied by the volume in liters equals the moles of solute.moles solute=M×L
The molarity of the acid is MA, and the molarity of the base is MB. The acid and basic volumes are VA and VB,
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