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Art in the second half of the 19th century, image Created by Gustave…
Art in the second half of the 19th century
Art in the second half of the 19th century
Art reflected the economic, technological and social changes in Europe during the industrialisation
New architectural tendencies developed, which used materials provided by the new industries
These new tendencies were the beginning of modern architecture
The Chicago School
In 1871 a fire in the city of Chicago destroyed most of the city. so a group of architects redesigned the city and included new innovations
Foundations were strengthened with reinforced concrete pillars
Lifts and telephones were incorporated to make communication easier
The first skyscrapers were built
Modernist architecture
It developed in Europe between 1890-1920 and it was characterised for using new materials as construction and decorative materials
Modernist architects
Curves and wavy lines were the predominant feature, with organic motifs
They designed every aspect of the building, including interior and exterior elements
In Europe
The Paris metro entrances, designed by Hector Guimard
In Spain
Antonio Gaudí (1852–1926)
He practised complete creative liberty, such as the design of hexagonal balconies and curved structures with concrete
His most famous works
The Casa Milà
The Sagrada Familia
The Casa Batlló
Realism
It was a cultural movement that developed in Europe between 1850 and 1870
In scupulture
The work by Constantin Meunier made in bronze was important
The realist works from this period show scenes from everyday life, mostly of the working class
It was a socially conscious art, that portrayed the hard working conditions of the labourers and reflected the social and economic situation
The figures were painted in a realistic way and they were not idealised
In painting
Jean François Millet painted peasants
Honoré Daumier painted the working class
In Spain
Martí i Alsina painted scenes of middle class life
Gustave Courbet painted different social classes
Cast-iron architecture
Cast-iron architecture is a form of architecture that uses only iron as a building material and was prominent between 1850-1890
The Eiffel Eiffel Tower in Paris in an example
The iron and steel industry produced cast-iron, which allowed the construction of large buildings with fewer supports
The Sante Geneviève library in Paris
Train stations
In Spain, Velázquez Bosco built the Crystal Palace in Madrid with a cast-iron structure and glass wall
Impressionism
It was a style of painting and to some extent, sculpture, that began in France in 1870 and then dveloped across Europe
It was an experimental style, in which artists tried to create an impression in the minds of the viewers
it was a bit difference from traditional art so it was considered to be the beginning of modern art
Impressionist painters
They painted scenes of everyday life, such as landscapes, dances, and walks
Their paintings didn't have any political or or social messages
They painted outside, not in a studio
In their paintings, they depicted the effect of light on objects at different times of the day
The technique they used was innovative, using unmixed colours
They applied paint in thick, overlapping layers, with fast, loose brushstrokes that made the viewer's eye to mix colours
The most important Impresionists and their artworks
Claude Monet
Édouard Manet
August Renoir
In Spain
Joaquín Sorolla
Dario Regoyos
Scupulture
Auguste Rodin who abandoned proportional representation of figures, and exaggerated facial expressions
Post-Impressionism
It developed from 1890 onwards and it replaced Impressionism.This style had no common characteristics because each painter had their own style
The most important Post-Impressionist artists
Edgar Degas
Paul Cézanne
He made use of geometric shapes, such as cubes, cylinders and spheres, to depict real objects
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Vincent van Gogh
Created by Gustave Eiffel to commemorate the centenary of the French Revolution
The forger
Angelus
The gleaners
The washerwoman
The painter's studio
La siesta
Impression: sunrise
A bar at the Folies-Bergère
The swing
Paseo a orillas del mar
Tendido de sombra
The burghers of Calais
The thinker
The Church in Auvers
The starry night
The Dance Class
Moulin Rouge
