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Cardiovascular Jackie Hernandez P.5 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular Jackie Hernandez P.5
Major Components + functions of Blood
Components
Plasma
92% water
Transports nutrients + gases to maintain regular Ph levels
White blood cells
Defends against infection
comes from hemocytoblast in red bone marrow
Platelets
helps repair damaged blood vessels
Red Blood Cells
Life span= 120 days
Production= erythropoiesis
Functions
Helps maintain homeostasis
transports substances such as nutrients and oxygen to body cell
removes metabolic wastes + carbon dioxide
ABO, Rh blood types
Type AB
A+B antigens= RBC membrane, no antibodies, universal recipient
Type O
no antigen, A+B antibodies, universal donor
Type B
B antigens+ RBC membranes, anti-A antibodies= plasma
Rh
D antigen is the most common
If antigen D is present = blood is positive
blood is absent= blood is negative
Type A
A antigens= RBC membrane, anti-B antibodies= plasma
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Supplies oxygen + nutrients to tissue
poor oxygen= pulmonary circut
oxygen-rich = systemic circut
Anatomy of the heart
Coronary sinus
drains blood from myocardium
valve
tricuspid
bicuspid
pulmonary
right ventricle
aortic valve
Chambers
2 lower ventricles
2 upper atria
Layers of the heart
Myocardium
middle layer
Endocardium
inner layer
Epicardium
outermost layer
Blood flow through the heart and body
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries
Left atrium
Pulmonary valve
Bicuspid valve
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
Aortic valve
Right Atrium
Aorta
Superior + Inferior vena cava
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types
Arteries
travels away from the heart
strong elastic, vessles
Capillaries
smallest diameter
Veins
travels to the heart
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Cardiac cycle
open + closes heart valves
70% blood flow from atria into ventricles before atria contract
ECG
QRS complex
repolarization of atria
depolarization of ventricles
P Wave
depolarization of atria
1st wave
T Wave
ventricular relaxation + repolarization
Major blood vessels
Venules
less smooth muscle
capillaries merge to create bigger veins
Thinner than arteroles
arteries
carries high pressure blood
middle layer= smooth muscle+ elastic connective tissue
Capillaries
blood vessel = smaller diameter
only layer of endothelium
Arterioles
small bit of connective tissue
smooth muscle tissue
thinner wall than artery
Veins
thinner wall than artery with smaller layers
Flap like valves
Vital signs
Blood pressure
systemic arterial pressure
through the cardiovascular system
Pulse
common pulse points
radial artery
carotid artery
brachial artery
femoral artery
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Endocarditis + Myocarditis
causes
heart valve damage, recent surgery + virus bacterial, fungal infection
symptoms
fever, fatigue + chest pains
inflammation to the heart
Myocardial infarction(heart attack)
causes
obesity, blood clot + high blood pressure
symptoms
chest pains, sweating+ heart palpitations
Blood flow to part of the heart is blocked
Peripheral Artery disease
symptoms
leg+ arm pain, weak pulse + hair loss on arms + legs
causes
limb trauma, smoking + obesity
Arteries narrow+ reduce blood flow to extremeties
Cerebrovascular Accident (stroke)
symptoms
memory loss, severe headache + confusion
causes
clogged arteries, age/race + diabtetes
blood to a portion of the brain is interrupted
cogenital Heart disease
issue with heart structure from birth
causes
Tricuspid artesia, aortic stenus + Pulmonary stenosis
symptoms
cyanosis common, may cause death + may be asymptomatic