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Ariana Hernandez P.7 08 Cardiovascular…
Ariana Hernandez P.7
08 Cardiovascular Concept Map
Major components and functions of Blood
WBC ( leokocytes)- It's function is to destroy pathogenic microorganism and parasites that removes worn cells. 3,500 to 10,500 per microliter.
RBC ( Erythrocytes)- Biconcave disc without nucleus, one third of hemoglobin.The number present is 4,700,000 to 6,100,000 per micrliter. Its function is to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Granolocytes- This is about the same size of the RBC cytoplasmic granules are present.
Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)
Aortic vale- This is located in the entrance to the aorta and it's main function is to prevent the blood to move from aorta in the left ventricle relaxation.
The 2 upper chambers in the heart are called the Left and right atria and the 2 lower chambers of the heart are called the left and right ventricle.
Pulmonary vale- This is located in the entrance to pulmonary trunk and its main function is to prevent the blood from moving from the pulmonary trunk.
Tricuspid vale- It's main function is to prevent blood from moving to the right ventricle into the right atrium in the ventricular.
ABO, Rh blood types
RH blood- This was named after the rhesus. It includes RH antigens or factors. If the antigen D is present in a person red blood cells the blood will be Rh positive and if it is absent it will be negative.
ABO- It's the blood groups that are based on presence or the absence of 2 important antigens which are ntigen A and Antigen 2.Type AB blood has both A and B antigens and type O has neither antigen on RBC but both types of antibodies is the universal donor. The type A blood has A antigens on RBC membrane and B anibodies. Lastly, type B blood has B antigens on RBC membrane and Anti- A antibodies.
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
The major functions of the cardiovascular system is to supply the body with nutrients and to remove the wastes.
Layers of the heart
Myocardium- this is the middle layer and the myocardiums function is to pump the blood out of the heart chambers. Also, this is the thickest layer of the heart but it's thinner on the right side. It has cardiac muscle tissues.
Epicardium- it is the outermost layer and it is made up of CT and ET. The epicardium decreases friction to the heart.
Endocardium- this is the inner layer and it is made of connective tissues and epithilium. The major vessels are the ones joining the heart.
Blood flow through the heart and body
Systemic circuit-This is the blood flow between the heart and the body tissues.
Pulmonary circuit - This is the blood flow between the heart and the lungs.
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
The components of the ECG are the P waves which are the first waves that corresponds to depolarization of the atria. which leads to contraction to the atria. The T wave corresponds to ventricular repolarization and it leads to the ventricular relaxation. Also, the QRS complex corresponds to depolarization of the ventricles. This is all the recordings of the electrical changes that occur during the cardiac cycle.
Major blood vessels (names arteries and veins)
Arteries- Its a thick wall and is strong, elastic adapted from carying high blood pressure.
Capillary- This allows the nutrients, gasses, and the waste exchange. This has the smallest diameter from the blood vessels. This has a single layer squamous epithilial.
Veins- The function of the brain is to function as the blood reservois.
Venules- this leads to the capillaries from larger veins and returns blood to the heart.Its major function is to connect capillary to the vein. This has a thinner wall than the elastic and arteriole.
Arteroiles- Its major function is to connect the artery to the capillary and to help control the blood flow.
Vital signs (BP and Pulse)
The blood pressure refers to the arterial pressure and its exists throughout the cardiovascular system.
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types (arteries, veins,
capillaries)
Veins - The veins transport the blood toward the heart.
Arteries- The arteries transport the blood away from the heart .
Capillaries- The capillaries are the vessels that run between the arteries and the veins.