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Cardiovascular System by Ramirez period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System by Ramirez period 5
Major components and functions of blood
Blood is 45%
formed elements
and 55%
plasma
Formed elements
contains
platelets, red blood cells (respiratory gas transport) and white blood cells (fighting infections
Granulocytes (WBCs)
Eosinophils
; make up 1-3% of circulating leukocytes; kills certain parasites and moderate inflammation.
Basophils
; account less than 1% of leuko; promote inflammation by secreting heparin and histamine.
Neutrophils
; compromise 50-70% of leukocytes; strong phagocytes
Plasma
contains
water, proteins
, waste,
nutrition, gases,
vitamins,
hormones and electrolytes.
Function
; A type of connective tissue fluid matrix.
Blood transports substances
Helps maintain homeostasis and distributes heat.
Specifically transports nutrients and oxygen to the body cells
And removes metabolic waste)
Major blood vessels (names arteries and veins)
Capillary
;
Functions
; Allows nutrients, gases, and wastes to be exchanged between the blood and tissue fluid; connects an arteriole to a venule
Characteristics
; Single layer of squamous epithelium
Venule
Function
; Thinner wall than in an arteriole, less smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue
Characteristic
; Connects a capillary to a vein
Arteriole
Function
; Connects an artery to a capillary; helps control blood flow into a capillary by vasoconstricting or vasodilating
Characteristics
; Thinner wall than an artery but with three layers; smaller arterioles have an endothelial lining, some smooth muscle tissue, and a small amount of connective tissue
Vein
Functions
; Transports blood under relatively low pressure from a venule to the heart; valves prevent backflow of blood; serves as a blood reservoir
Characteristic
; Thinner wall than an artery but with similar layers; the vein middle layer is much thinner; some veins have flaplike valves
Artery
Function
; Transports blood under relatively high pressure Transports blood under relatively high pressure
Characteristics
; Transports blood under relatively high pressure, an endothelial lining, a middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue, and an outer layer of connective tissue
Structural and functional difference between blood vessel types (arteries, veins and capillaries)
Veins
; take blood to the heart
Arteries
; Take blood away from the heart
Capillaries
; smallest,
Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers and valves)
Internal
Aortic Arch
Chordae Tendinae
Right ventricle
; Right ventricle has a thinner wall than the left ventricle, because it must pump blood only as far as the lungs, compared to the left ventricle pumping to the entire body
Pulmonary Arteries
Tricuspid valve
Mitral/Bicuspid valve
; Prevents blood from moving from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular contraction
Right/Left atrium
Pulmonary valve
; prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle
Papillary muscles
; these muscles contract during ventricular contraction to prevent the backflow of blood through the AV valves
Interventricular septum
Tricuspid Valve
; Prevents blood from moving from the right ventricle into the right atrium during ventricular contraction
Pulmonary Valve
; Prevents blood from moving from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle during ventricular relaxation
Aortic Valve
; Prevents blood from moving from the aorta into the left ventricle during ventricular relaxation
External
Left auricle/ right auricle
; above both atrium
Pulmonary Trunk/Artery
; vessel that sends blood into the lugs
Brachialsephalic artery
; branch that sends out blood
Left/Right Aorta
bring blood back from the systemic circuit to the right atrium
Apex
; extends to the fifth intercostal space
Inter ventricular sulcus
; Diagonal slash like line across the heart in the anterior view
Base
; lies beneath the second rib
RIght/Left pulmonary veins
; Sends blood back into the left atrium
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
; Blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted.
Symptoms
; Severe headaches, confusion, muscle weakness.
Treatment options
; Physical therapy, surgical intervention, thrombolytic.
Endocarditis and Myocarditis
; Inflammation of the heart.
Symptoms
; Chest pain, edema, fatigue, palpatations.
Treatment options
; Antibiotics/Medication, diuretics, peacemaker
Peripheral artery Disease (PAD)
; Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities.
Symptoms
; Ligament pains, numb, weak pulse.
Treatment Options
; Medication, lifestyle change, atrial angioplasty
Congenital Heart disease
; Issues with heart structure and/or function present from birth.
Symptoms
; Cyanosis, may be asthmatic.
Treatment Options
; Medication, surgery, may heal on its own.
Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
; Blood flow to part of the heart is blocked.
Symptoms
; Chest pain, dizziness.
Treatment Options
; Nitroglycerin, thrombolytic, coronary bypass.
Layers of the heart
Parietal pericardium
, the outer layer of the serous membrane, which lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium
Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
, the inner layer of the serous membrane, that covers the heartt
Pericardial cavity
; , the space between the visceral and parietal layers, which contains serous fluid for reducing friction between the layers
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other important substances to cells and organs in the body.
Plays an important role in helping the body meet the demands of activity, exercise and stress
Maintains temperature
a closed circuit that consists of the heart and blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins)
Blood flow through the heart and body
Unoxiginated blood enters either through the
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
or the coronary sinus into the
right atrium
, passing through the
tricuspid valve
into the
right ventricle
, traveling through the
pulmonary valve
up the
pulmonary trunk
out the
pulmonary arteries
into the lungs, traveling back as oxiginated blood through the
pulmonary veins
into the
Left atrium
past the
Mitral valve/bicuspid valve
into the
left ventricle
up the
aortic sulcus
, past the
aorta
and out through the
brachiocephalic trunk
sending the blood out into the rest of the body.
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
Cardiac Cycle
Then the ventricles contract (called ventricular systole), while the atria relax (called atrial diastole)
Then the entire heart relaxes for a brief moment
First the atria contract (called atrial systole), while ventricles relax (called ventricular diastole)
Electrocradiogram (ECG)
;
QRS Complex: Corresponds to the depolarization of ventricles, which leads to contraction of the ventricles; the repolarization of the atria occurs during the QRS complex, but is hidden behind the larger ventricular event
T Wave: Corresponds to ventricular repolarization, and leads to ventricular relaxation
P Wave: The first wave, which corresponds to the depolarization of the atria; this leads to the contraction of the atria